Decision-Making
In many binary ballots, the question becomes the answer; and those who draft the question thus control the decision-making process in its entirety. In consensus voting, those who make the final decision—the people in a referendum or the members of the rel
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Peter Emerson
Democratic Decision-making Consensus Voting for Civic Society and Parliaments
123
SpringerBriefs in Political Science
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8871
Peter Emerson
Democratic Decision-making Consensus Voting for Civic Society and Parliaments
123
Peter Emerson The de Borda Institute Belfast, UK
ISSN 2191-5466 ISSN 2191-5474 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Political Science ISBN 978-3-030-52807-2 ISBN 978-3-030-52808-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-52808-9 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To the victims of majoritarianism, everywhere;1 and not least to… the 40 millions who died in Máo Zédōng’s anti-rightist campaign and its consequent famine; the 20 million + who suffered under bolshevism2 in Lenin’s and then Stalin’s gulags; the almost one million who were slaughtered in the genocide in Rwanda;3 the many thousands who died in the Balkans4 and… the Caucasus of the 1990s; the 3000 who were killed in ‘the Troubles’ in Northern Ireland; and the similar number who were murdered in Kenya after the 2007 elections.
1
I mention only the conflicts of those countries in which I have travelled if not sojourned, and whose politics I have studied. 2 The very word ‘bolshevism’ means ‘majoritarianism’. 3 The Interahamwe launched their murderous campaign with the slogan, ‘Rubanda nyamwinshi’—‘we are the majority’. 4 ‘All the wars in the former Yugoslavia started with a referendum’. (Oslobodjenje, 7.2.1999— author’s translation.)
Foreword
The theory of voting and its formal foundation, the social choice theory, is
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