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Plant Litter Decomposition, Humus Formation, Carbon Sequestration Fourth Edition

Plant Litter

Björn Berg Charles McClaugherty •

Plant Litter Decomposition, Humus Formation, Carbon Sequestration Fourth Edition

123

Björn Berg Departments of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki Helsinki, Finland

Charles McClaugherty Department of Biology University of Mount Union Alliance, OH, USA

ISBN 978-3-030-59630-9 ISBN 978-3-030-59631-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59631-6

(eBook)

1st, 2nd and 3rd editions: © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003, 2008, 2014 4th edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Preface

When starting our work on this book, now about 20 years ago, we intended to summarize and synthesize the new information that had developed in the last 20–30 years in the field of plant litter decomposition. It turned out, however, that the main part of recent work both 20 years ago and today has been directed toward boreal and temperate forest systems, and therefore, with a focus on these ecosystems, we finally concluded a synthesis that has a similarity to a case study. Still, we hope that a deeper insight into the behavior of a limited number of litter species will be of value for a generalization and also for the identification of process systems that deviate from those presented here. We have written the book focusing on the transfer from newly shed litter to recalcitrant humus, describing and explaining the system of chemical changes taking place in the process both on a mechanistic basis and on a more general and regional level, considering different climates and species. As a synthesis, this book gives some new perspectives