Decreasing salt susceptibility index of nummulitic limestone using three resins applied in different ratios and concentr
- PDF / 2,588,779 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 22 Downloads / 148 Views
ORIGINAL PAPER
Decreasing salt susceptibility index of nummulitic limestone using three resins applied in different ratios and concentrations Gamal M. Eisawy Kamh 1 & Maher Dawood 1 & Ahmed El-loly 2 Received: 5 December 2017 / Accepted: 14 December 2018 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2019
Abstract Salt weathering is one of the most aggressive worldwide weathering processes severely affecting natural and artificial materials to unlimited weathering grades. This impact is highly considered for the highly ranked archeological sites. So, this paper aims to examine the durability of the huge quarries of the Eocene nummulitic limestone that had been widely used for construction and/or carving of the Pharaonic archeological sites in Egypt, e.g., the Giza Pyramids and the Great Sphinx. The durability had been examined for this limestone before and after applying three resins prepared in single or combined states and at variable limits of concentration. These resins are namely ethyl silicate, Premal-AC33, and Paraloid 80. Petrographic, mineralogical, physical, and mechanical properties and durability investigations had been conducted for this limestone before treatment with such resins. Treatment has been conducted through two regimes, namely repeated brushing and total immersion using each resin at each level of concentration. Examining samples’ surface color after treatment and resin’s penetration depth, as well as rock’s geotechnical properties’, limits using ultrasonic waves, and sample’s salt susceptibility index (SSI) using Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) has been considered for each resin at each level of concentration. The data had been discussed indicating that Paraloid B-80 used in a single state dissolved in 300 ml acetone or in combination with ethyl silicate dissolved in ethyl alcohol are the best for increasing durability of such nummulitic limestone. Keywords Nummulitic limestone . Ethyl silicate . Primal . Paraloid B80 . Consolidation
Introduction The archeological sites worldwide are remains of a great historical value for a given nation(s) that lived at a period deeply dated back. Such remains are man-made heritage that act as one of the main economic resources to the countries in the form of tourism. The constructional materials of the archeological sites are of a wide variety, e.g., organic (almost wood) and inorganic components (almost stones of variable types). Such components suffer weathering with rates and intensities based on the prevailing environmental conditions and building materials’ properties that control its durability to weathering. As the
* Gamal M. Eisawy Kamh [email protected] 1
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
2
Menoufiya Governorate, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
constructional materials of the archeological sites are almost natural and/or artificial stones, then several researchers have been concerned with such stones that present variable weathering forms and damage categories (Fitzner and Snethlage 1982; Kamh 2003). The damag
Data Loading...
