Deep Learning in X-ray Testing
Deep learning has been inspired by ideas from neuroscience. The key idea of deep learning is to replace handcrafted features (explained in details in Chap. 5 ) with features that are learned efficiently using a hierarchical feature extraction approach. U
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Computer Vision for X-Ray Testing Imaging, Systems, Image Databases, and Algorithms Second Edition
Computer Vision for X-Ray Testing
Domingo Mery Christian Pieringer •
Computer Vision for X-Ray Testing Imaging, Systems, Image Databases, and Algorithms Second Edition
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Domingo Mery Department of Computer Science Pontifical Catholic University of Chile Macul, Santiago, Chile
Christian Pieringer Independent Research Scientist and Consultant—Artificial Intelligence Santiago, Chile
ISBN 978-3-030-56768-2 ISBN 978-3-030-56769-9 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56769-9
(eBook)
1st edition: © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 2nd edition: © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To Ximena, Anais and Valeria, who show me everyday the X-rays of love —Domingo To María Isabel, Dante, and Laura, thank you for accompanying me through the adventures of this travel called life —Christian
Foreword to the Second Edition
For the second edition of this book, we had once again thought of asking Reinhard to write the foreword. We have no doubt that he would have agreed to do so with great pleasure and enthusiasm. However, he left us and said goodbye to this world in April. For this reason, in honor of him, we have preferred to leave this foreword blank, as a sign of how much we miss him. Santiago, Chile June 2020
The Authors
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Foreword to the First Edition
The wavelengths of X-rays are far shorter than those of visible light and even shorter than those of ultraviolet light. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) was awarded the first Nobel prize in Physics in 1901 for his contributions to the detection of electromagnetic radiation, and t
