Deficiency of Essential Elements in Crop Plants
Plants are the eminent source of essential elements which are constructing blocks of living organism in the form of protein, carbohydrate, fats and fibres. Living organism, including plants, requires nutrients for their better growth and developmental pro
- PDF / 670,870 Bytes
- 34 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 21 Downloads / 249 Views
Deficiency of Essential Elements in Crop Plants Sanjesh Tiwari, Anuradha Patel, Neeraj Pandey, Amandeep Raju, Madhulika Singh, and Sheo Mohan Prasad
Abstract
Plants are the eminent source of essential elements which are constructing blocks of living organism in the form of protein, carbohydrate, fats and fibres. Living organism, including plants, requires nutrients for their better growth and developmental processes. Based upon the necessity, nutrients are categorized as macro- and micronutrients. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, sulphur, calcium, iron and magnesium are the various plant macronutrients, while micronutrients include manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum and chlorine. Plants are able to draw these mineral nutrients in a balanced way either from soil organic matter or by the use of organic or inorganic fertilizers. Mineral nutrition is acquired by a complex network of root transporters that regulate import of minerals from the soil solution to plants. The requirement of these nutrients varies from plant to plant, and scarcity of these nutrient elements intervenes the metabolic processes. However excessive uptake induces toxicity and causes poor growth associated with reduction in crop production. Hence, balanced nutrient approach is important for proper crop yield. This chapter describes the essential nutrients, the chemical forms in which they are available to plants, their function in plants, their deficiency system, and recommended nutrient levels in plant tissues of selected crops and future prospective of nutrient management approach. Keywords
Macronutrients · Micronutrients · Deficiency symptoms · Nutrient management
S. Tiwari · A. Patel · N. Pandey · A. Raju · M. Singh · S. M. Prasad (*) Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 K. Mishra et al. (eds.), Sustainable Solutions for Elemental Deficiency and Excess in Crop Plants, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8636-1_2
19
20
2.1
S. Tiwari et al.
Introduction
Agriculture is one of the major factors that governs the economy and is unswervingly associated with the country’s development. Cereals including vegetable crops constitute an important fraction to maintain the human health as they are heady source of energy and also provide various minerals and vitamins. Plants require several elemental nutrients (collectively termed as plant ionome) for the better growth and development (Salt et al. 2008). From numerous field studies, it was pragmatic that the mineral composition among different plants species depends on the soil type. The difference in the mineral composition of soils is mainly due to diverse nutrient management practises that change the pH, cation exchange capacity and organic carbon status of the soil (Moharana et al. 2017). Besides all nutrients, plants selectively uptake the essential ones that participate in various physiological and biochemical processes such as during se
Data Loading...
