Deficits of Grasping in Cerebellar Disorders
Given its stereotyped cytoarchitecture, the widespread connections with cortical and subcortical sensory-motor structures, and the neural activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells during sensory-motor tasks, the cerebellum is considered to play a major role i
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Dennis A. Nowak, Dagmar Timmann, and €rfer Joachim Hermsdo
Abstract
Given its stereotyped cytoarchitecture, the widespread connections with cortical and subcortical sensory-motor structures, and the neural activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells during sensory-motor tasks, the cerebellum is considered to play a major role in the control of grasping. The cerebellum is involved in the timing and coordination of hand transport, grasp formation, and isometric grip force when reaching for, grasping, and handling an object. In addition, there is evidence from human lesion and brain imaging studies that the cerebellum is essential for the establishment and maintenance of internal sensory-motor representations, so-called internal models, related to motor output and sensory input during grasping. These representations are necessary to predict the consequences of ones’ own movements. This chapter summarizes theoretical aspects, data from brain imaging, and behavioral data obtained from patients with cerebellar lesions characterizing the specific role of the cerebellum for grasping movements.
D.A. Nowak (*) Klinik Kipfenberg, Neurologische Fachklinik, Kindinger Strasse 13, Kipfenberg, D-85110, Germany and Neurologische Universit€atsklinik, der Philipps–Universit€at, Marburg e-mail: [email protected] D. Timmann Department of Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] J. Hermsd€orfer Lehrstuhl f€ur Bewegungswissenschaft, Fakult€at f€ ur Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaft, Technische Universit€at M€ unchen, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60-62, Munich, D-80992, Germany e-mail: [email protected] M. Manto, D.L. Gruol, J.D. Schmahmann, N. Koibuchi, F. Rossi (eds.), 1657 Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders, DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_73, # Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
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D.A. Nowak et al.
Introduction The cerebellum plays a major role for the control of grasping movements. The involvement of the cerebellum in the coordination of hand transport, grasp formation, and the establishment of accurate grip forces when handling objects originates from its role in tuning muscle activity during voluntary motor actions (Manto 2010). The output from the cerebellum is directed to all components of the motor system. The cerebellum coordinates the timing, duration, and magnitude of agonist–antagonist muscle discharges (Hore et al. 1991; Manto et al. 1994). It participates in the planning of motor actions, in the learning of novel skills, and in adjusting descending motor commands to environmental requirements based on motor experience. Here the pertinent theories on the role of the cerebellum to form internal models, data from brain imaging, and behavioral data obtained from patients with cerebellar lesions that characterize the specific role of the cerebellum for grasping movements are summarized.
Deficits of Reaching and Grasping Impaired coordination of voluntary movement is a cardinal sign of cerebellar disorders
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