Definition and detection of simulation noise via imaginary simulated particles in comparison with an electrical microflu
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TECHNICAL PAPER
Definition and detection of simulation noise via imaginary simulated particles in comparison with an electrical microfluidic chip noise M. Tahsin Guler1,2 Received: 19 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Real problems in science and engineering generally do not have an analytical solution, which invariably leads to the application of numerical methods to analyze the problem. The numerical solutions to the same problem give different results due to variations in discretization, which are defined as simulation noise in this study. Microfluidics impedance flow cytometry is employed to demonstrate and compare experimental and simulated noise. For measurement of the simulation noise, an object is assigned with the same electrical parameters as the medium and moved along the electrode region through a microchannel. Since the object is no different to the medium in terms of material properties, forwarding of the object through the electrodes doesn’t have any physical effect, but just reorders the meshing. However, the impedance, which is the calculated output parameter of the simulation, fluctuates due to the reordering of the meshes and is defined as the simulation noise. By employing the imaginary object method, noise can be measured for every Finite element method (FEM) simulation even if the problem has a different physical background.
1 Introduction Modeling a real-world problem or designing a device is one of the most important parts of science and engineering. Before fabricating a device, some simulations are performed to determine the design parameters, such as the dimensions, the materials to be used, etc. In order to discover the optimum parameters, many experimental processes need to be repeated several times, which increases the cost. Simulation comes into play at this point to save a lot of time and effort that also minimizes the costs. Hence developers generally rely on simulation results during the design stages of a device. Many phenomena in the real-world can be defined by a partial differential equation (PDE). As the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-020-05078-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & M. Tahsin Guler [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kirikkale University, 71450 Kirikkale, Turkey
2
UNAM, Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
approximation to the problem becomes more realistic, the analytical solution becomes harder to determine. Hence, there is no analytical solution for many problems, especially once a fully realistic approximation is employed. The finite element method (FEM) is one of the numerical methods applied to solve a PDE that represents the physical situation. Many types of realistic problems that are defined by a PDE can only be analyzed with numeric
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