Deformation-induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review
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(2020) 20:124
REVIEW ARTICLE
Deformation‑induced martensite in austenitic stainless steels: A review Mohammad Javad Sohrabi1 · Meysam Naghizadeh1 · Hamed Mirzadeh1 Received: 6 July 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 © Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Recent progress in the understanding of the deformation-induced martensitic transformation, the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and the reversion annealing in the metastable austenitic stainless steels are reviewed in the present work. For this purpose, the introduced methods for the measurement of martensite content are summarized. Moreover, the austenite stability as the key factor for controlling the austenite to martensite transformation is critically discussed. This is realized by analyzing the effects of chemical composition, initial grain size, applied strain, deformation temperature, strain rate, and deformation mode (stress state). For instance, the effect of initial grain size is found to be complicated, especially in the ultrafine grained (UFG) regime. Furthermore, it seems that there is a critical grain size for changing the trend of α′-martensite formation. Decreasing the deformation temperature motivates the formation of α′-martensite, but there is a critical temperature for achieving the maximum tensile ductility. Afterwards, the modeling techniques for the transformation kinetics and the contribution of deformation-induced martensitic transformation to the strengthening of material and also strength-ductility trade-off are critically surveyed. The processing of UFG microstructure during reversion annealing, the effects of the recrystallization of the retained austenite, the martensitic shear and diffusional reversion mechanisms, and the annealing-induced martensitic transformation are also summarized. Accordingly, this overview presents the opportunities that the strain-induced martensitic transformation can offer for controlling the microstructure and mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels. Keywords Metastable austenitic stainless steels · Strain-induced martensitic transformation · Reversion annealing · Grain refinement · Mechanical properties · TRIP effect
1 Introduction Desirable corrosion resistance, toughness, and weldability of austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) have made them good candidates for various industrial sectors. In this regard, however, the relatively low yield stress of these steels is their main drawback [1–3]. Accordingly, different strengthening mechanisms such as work-hardening, addition of alloying elements, bake hardening, and grain size refinement have been practiced so far to enhance the mechanical properties of ASSs [4].
* Hamed Mirzadeh [email protected] 1
School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155‑4563, Tehran, Iran
Among these mechanisms, grain refinement can be exploited to considerably improve the strength (as well as toughness). Since these steel
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