Dehydrogenation of 2,3-Butanediol to 3-Hydroxybutanone Over CuZnAl Catalysts: Effect of Lithium Cation as Promoter
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dehydrogenation of 2,3‑Butanediol to 3‑Hydroxybutanone Over CuZnAl Catalysts: Effect of Lithium Cation as Promoter Boyu Zhang1 · Feng Zhou2 · Huixia Ma2 · Luning Chen3 · Ji Su3 · Xingzhou Yuan1 · Jian Zhang1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The dehydrogenation of 2,3-butanediol (BDO) to 3-hydroxybutanone (HBO) was studies over Li cation-doped CuZnAl catalysts. The catalyst samples were characterized by XRD, XPS, H 2-TPR and SEM techniques. The characterization results showing that doping with Li cation obviously modified the surface morphology of CuZnAl catalysts; decreased the reduction temperature of CuZnAl catalysts; and finally increased the amount of Cu active sites. The reaction results showing that, Li modified CuZnAl catalysts obviously enhanced the selectivity of the dehydrogenation of BDO to HBO by inhibiting the dehydration of BDO. The Li(2%)–Cu(44%)–Zn(38%)–Al(16%) exhibited the highest activity for dehydrogenation of BDO, with the conversion rate of BDO is 72.4% and the selectivity of HBO is 95.9% at 260 °C. This catalyst shows excellent stability for more than 100 h without significant deactivation. Keywords 2,3-Butanediol · 3-Hydroxybutanone · Dehydrogenation reaction · Alkali metal modification · CuZnAl catalyst
1 Introduction 3-Hydroxybutanone (HBO), also known as acetoin, is naturally found in many foods, such as corn, grapes, apples and meat. It is a widely used flavoring spice with a pleasant creamy aroma, which is mainly added in cream, dairy, yogurt and strawberry flavored [1, 2]. Furthermore, HBO has an important application in the wine industry, the product, containing 80% of HBO, plays a crucial role in liquor flavoring [3]. In addition, because of the typical aroma and beneficial effect on leaf fragrance, HBO is the main basis of the special aroma for the special flavor flue-cured tobacco. Efforts have been striven to expand apply in Europe, the United States and Japan. At present, there are three main industrial methods for HBO production: partial hydrogenation of * Ji Su [email protected] * Jian Zhang [email protected] 1
Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, People’s Republic of China
2
Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals, SINOPEC, Dalian 116000, People’s Republic of China
3
Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
2,3-butanedione [4, 5], selective oxidation of 2,3-butanediol [6, 7] and chlorination and hydrolysis of butanone [8, 9]. However, the weakness of these three methods are hard to be ignored, such as low yield, serious pollution and poor quality which is difficult to meet the flavoring requirements. 2,3-butanediol (BDO), also known as 2,3-bishydroxybutane, is an important chemical dye and liquid fuel, which is widely applied in the chemical, food, fuel and aerospace industries. Besides, it can also be dehydrogenated to acetoin by dehydrogenase [10, 11]. The downstream applications of BDO mainly include dehydrati
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