Delamination in Wood, Wood Products and Wood-Based Composites
In the last quarter century, delamination has come to mean more than just a failure in adhesion between layers of bonded composite plies that might affect their load-bearing capacity. Ever-increasing computer power has meant that we can now detect and ana
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Voichita Bucur Editor
Delamination in Wood, Wood Products and Wood-Based Composites
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Editor Dr. Voichita Bucur CSIRO Clayton Laboratories Materials Science and Engineering Bayview Avenue 3168 Clayton Victoria Australia [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-9549-7 e-ISBN 978-90-481-9550-3 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-9550-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010938326 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover image: Intra-ring internal checking in sample (100 × 50 mm – width × thick) of regrowth Victorian Ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis or E. regnans). Photo taken by Philip Blakemore. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
It is with great pleasure that I prepare this foreword. The senior author, Professor Voichita Bucur, is one the preeminent wood scientists in the world today. She is well known for her excellent research on acoustics, especially the acoustic properties of wood and wood-based materials. Her previous books Acoustics of Wood and Nondestructive Characterization and Imaging of Wood are outstanding reference documents; they provide a summary of much of the world’s research and development efforts in these two important technical areas. Professor Bucur has contacted widely respected technical authorities and asked them to prepare chapters dealing with various aspects of the formation and detection of separations and delaminations in wood-based materials. P. Blackmore – CSIRO Australia, S Blumer Holzinnovationzentrum, Austria, G Daian Melbourne University, Australia, BSW Dawson – SCION New Zealand, F Divos – Faculty of Wood Science Sopron, Hungary , L. Donaldson – SCION New Zealand, T. Gereke ETH Zürich, Switzerland, P.J. Gustafsson Lund University Sweden, N. Haque – CSIRO Australia, CL Huang – Weyerhauser USA, S. KazemiNajafi – Tarbiat Modares University, Iran, C. Mueller – ETH Zürich, Switzerland, J. Neuenschwander – Empa Switzerland, P. Niemz – ETH Zürich, Switzerland, K. Persson – Lund University Sweden, M.S.J. Sanabria Empa, Switzerland, U. Sennhauser Empa, Switzerland, A. P. Singh – SCION New Zealand, all graciously agreed and provided excellent technical contributions. This book is organized into three parts. Part I, General Aspects, presents much needed basic information, including terminology, the theoretical basis for evaluation of delamination in wood and wood-based materials, and mechanical stress development in the woody cell wall in response to various stressors. A vibrationbased approach is proposed to evaluate delamination with ultrasonics or with low frequency
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