Delayed association of acute particulate matter 2.5 air pollution exposure with loss of complexity in cardiac rhythm dyn
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Delayed association of acute particulate matter 2.5 air pollution exposure with loss of complexity in cardiac rhythm dynamics: insight from detrended fluctuation analysis Tsung-Ying Tsai 1,2 & Li-Wei Lo 1,2 & Shin-Huei Liu 1,2 & Wen-Han Cheng 1,2 & Yu-Hui Chou 1 & Wei-Lun Lin 1 & Yenn-Jiang Lin 1,2 & Shih-Lin Chang 1,2 & Yu-Feng Hu 1,2 & Fa-Po Chung 1,2 & Jo-Nan Liao 1,2 & Tze-Fan Chao 1,2 & Men-Tzung Lo 3 & Hui-Wen Yang 3 & Shih-Ann Chen 1,2 Received: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract There is a delayed (lag 1 to 2 days) correlation between acute PM 2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) exposure and cardiovascular events, but the underlying mechanism remained unclear. We aimed to investigate the delayed impact of acute PM 2.5 exposures on cardiac autonomics through linear and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) analyses. Among 6912 patients who had received 24-h Holter ECG between October 1, 2015, to October 31, 2016, 56 patients (31 males, 70.3 ± 12.7 years old) were enrolled. We classified the patients as high (> 35.4 μg/m3) or low (< 35.4 μg/m3) PM 2.5 groups according to their PM 2.5 exposures on the day of Holter recordings (day 0) lag 1 and lag 2 days. Linear and nonlinear HRV parameters〔Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) slopes 1 and 2〕were compared. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Linear and nonlinear HRV parameters were similar between high- and low-exposure groups on day 0 and lag 1 day, respectively. However, DFA slope 1 was significantly lower in the high-exposure group on lag 2 days (0.784 ± 0.201 vs. 0.964 ± 0.274, p = 0.021). DFA slope 1 of the high-exposure group was significantly lower on daytime periods (9 am to 9 pm, 8 am to 4 pm and 4 pm to 12 pm) but not on nighttime periods. High lag 2 days PM 2.5 exposure is associated with low DFA slope 1 and the relationship is diurnal. This suggests that air pollution might have a delayed impact on the cardiovascular autonomic system. Keywords Arrhythmia . Autonomic . Delayed effect . Nonlinear heart rate variability . PM 2.5
Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11275-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Li-Wei Lo [email protected] * Shih-Ann Chen [email protected] 1
Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, Taiwan
2
Institute of Clinical Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
3
Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Introduction PM 2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) is the strongest environmental risk factor for mortality and is responsible for over 4.2 million deaths
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