Delineating the role of binge eating in cancer research
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REVIEW
Delineating the role of binge eating in cancer research Tyler B. Mason1 · Kathryn E. Smith2 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose Binge eating is defined as consumption of a large amount of food accompanied by a sense of loss of control over eating. While binge eating is associated with poor physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health, it has not been studied in cancer research. Therefore, the overarching goal of this review is to delineate the role of binge eating in cancer research and to spur new research in this area. Specifically, in this review, we outlined (1) binge eating as a possible risk factor that contributes to cancer risk, (2) how binge eating may develop after cancer diagnosis, and (3) how binge eating may be associated with health and relapse during survivorship. Conclusions It is critical to elucidate the role of binge eating in the prevention of cancer and long-term cancer survivorship. This review suggested a number of ways that binge eating may increase risk for cancer as well as several pathways that may lead to the development of binge eating after cancer diagnosis. Level of evidence Level V: narrative review. Keywords Binge eating · Cancer · Eating disorders · Prevention · Obesity
Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the USA [1]. While biological factors play a role in cancer risk, the strongest causal factors for cancer are related to lifestyle behaviors. For example, smoking, alcohol use, diet, and overweight and obesity increase putative risk for cancer [2]. Further, psychological stress, psychiatric morbidity, and social difficulties have been documented as important risk factors for cancer development, progression, and re-occurrence [3, 4]. In addition to mortality, cancer causes profound effects on health among survivors. Specifically, cancer is a traumatic life experience that alters individuals’ lives, and as a result, may lead to mental health problems and reduced quality of life among survivors [5]. While dietary intake and weight status have been extensively studied in cancer research, the role of binge eating (i.e., consumption of a large amount of food with a sense * Tyler B. Mason [email protected] 1
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 Soto St., Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2
of loss of control) [6] has been ignored in cancer research. Binge eating is a distinct, aberrant eating behavior associated with poor physical, behavioral, and psychosocial health [7]. Binge eating is seen across eating disorder diagnoses—including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder—but also occurs among individuals with unspecified eating disorders or who do not meet criteria for an eating disorder. Prevalence of binge eating differs widely between studies, but one study of 6930 adults entering a weight loss or maintenance
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