Dementia is a predictor for mortality outcome from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Dementia is a predictor for mortality outcome from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) infection Timotius Ivan Hariyanto1 · Cynthia Putri1 · Rocksy Fransisca V. Situmeang2 · Andree Kurniawan3 Received: 6 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Dear Editor, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic disease, has caused a significant impact on the economic, health, and social aspect. The disease has caused over 500,000 deaths around the world. Therefore, identification of the contributing factors to the development of mortality is very important to enable stratification of risk factors, optimize the reallocation of hospital resources, and guide public health recommendations and interventions. Before this pandemic, individuals with dementia are one of the most vulnerable persons whose day-to-day survival depends on other people. In the previous meta-analysis, it has been shown that patients with dementia have a two-fold risk of pneumonia-associated death [1]. However, until recently, no study provides clear evidence regarding the link between dementia and COVID19. The aim of this article is to explore the potential association between dementia and the mortality of COVID-19 infection. A search of the literature was conducted on PubMed and PubMed Central (PMC) using the keywords “dementia” OR “clinical characteristics” OR “comorbidities” OR “risk factors” AND “coronavirus disease 2019” OR “COVID-19”, between 2019 and present time (July 14th, 2020) with language restricted to English only. The title, abstract, and full text of all articles identified that matched the search criteria were assessed, and those reporting the rate of dementia in * Andree Kurniawan [email protected] 1
Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
2
Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Boulevard Jendral Sudirman street, Karawaci, Tangerang 15811, Indonesia
COVID-19 patients with a clinically validated definition of "mortality" were included in this meta-analysis. The references of all identified studies were also analyzed (forward and backward citation tracking) to identify other potentially eligible articles. A meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 (Cochrane Collaboration) software. Dichotomous variables were calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel formula with random-effects models regardless of its heterogeneity. The effect estimate was reported as risk ratio (RR) along with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables, respectively. P value was two-tailed, and the statistical significance set at ≤ 0.05. A total of 32,509 records were obtained through systematic electronic searches and other ways. After screening titles, abstracts, and full text
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