Democratic Renewal in Africa Trends and Discourses

Since the 1980s, democratic struggles have triggered constitutional reforms, elections, and other forms of political progress. This comprehensive volume offers refreshing perspectives on Africa's democratic renewal and will open up dialogue on the trends

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Democratic Renewal in Africa Trends and Discourses

Edited by

Said Adejumobi

DEMOCRATIC RENEWAL IN AFRICA

Copyright © Said Adejumobi, 2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 All rights reserved. First published in 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–48433–8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: January 2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-349-50347-6 ISBN 978-1-137-48434-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137484345

To my late wife, Dr. (Mrs.) Titilayo Fasilat Adejumobi

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Contents

List of Illustrations

ix

Acknowledgments

xi

List of Abbreviations

xiii

Notes on Contributors

xvii

1

Democratic Renewal in Africa: Trends and Lessons Learned Said Adejumobi

2

Assessing Trends in African Democratization: Methods and Challenges Abdul Raufu Mustapha

21

Beyond Authoritarianism: Elections and the Changing Dynamics of State-Society Relations in Africa Said Adejumobi

43

3

1

4 The Origin of African Constitutions, Elusive Constitutionalism, and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo

63

5 Africa’s Long and Hard Road to Constitutionalism and Democracy: Two Decades On André Mbata B. Mangu

97

6 Toward a People-Driven Constitution: Opportunities, Constraints, and Challenges of the Kenyan Example Kibet A. Ngetich

133

7 The Political Economy of Corruption in Africa: A Theoretical Discourse Said Adejumobi

153

viii

M

Contents

8 Regional Organizations and Democratization in Africa: The ECOWAS Experience Kehinde A. Bolaji

177

Bibliography

215

Index

235

Illustrations

Figures 1.1 The constitution protects diversity and is mostly or always respected 1.2

Judiciary’s independence from other branches of government in its operations—independent or largely independent

7 8

Tables 5.1 List of successful coups d’etat in Africa from 1990 to 2013 8.1

8.2

119

Ratification of the supplementary protocol on democracy and good governance, protocol on the fight against corruption, protocol on the community court, and protocol on the community parliament (as on March 31, 2010)

199

Freedom House political and civil rights rating and democratic status of West African countries, 2007 and 2010

201

8.3 Level of institutionaliz