Democratization of Expertise? Exploring Novel Forms of Scientific Ad
‘Scientific advice to politics’, the ‘nature of expertise’, and the ‘relation between experts, policymakers, and the public’ are variations of a topic that currently attracts the attention of social scientists, philosophers of science as well as practitio
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Sociology of the Sciences VOLUME XXIV
Managing Editor:
Peter Weingart, Universität Bielefeld, Germany Editorial Board:
Yaron Ezrahi, The Israel Democracy Institute, Jerusalem, Israel Ulrike Felt, Institute für Wissenschaftstheorie und Wissenschaftsforschung, Vienna, Austria Michael Hagner, Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, Germany Stephen H. Hilgartner, Corne ll University, Ithaca, U.S.A. Sheila Jasanoff, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. Sabine Maasen, Wissenschaft sforschung/Wissenscha f tssoziologie, Basel, Switzerland Everett Mendelsohn, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A. Helga Nowotny, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Hans-Joerg Rheinberger, Max-Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin, Germany Terry Shinn, GEMAS Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, Paris, France Richard D. Whitley, Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, United Kingdom Bj ö rn Wittrock, SCASSS, Uppsala, Sweden
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
DEMOCRATIZATION OF EXPERTISE? Exploring Novel Forms of Scientific Advice in Political Decision-Making
Edited by
SABINE MAASEN University of Basel, Switzerland and
PETER WEINGART University of Bielefeld, Germany
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 ISBN-13 ISBN-10 ISBN-13
1-4020-3753-8 (HB) 978-1-4020-3753-5 (HB) 1-4020-3754-6 (e-book) 978-1-4020-3754-2 (e-book)
Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springeronline.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved © 2005 Springer No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed in the Netherlands.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE ..................................................................................................................... vii Chapter 1:
Chapter 2:
WHAT’S NEW IN SCIENTIFIC ADVICE TO POLITICS? Introductory Essay ................................................................................ 1 Sabine Maasen and Peter Weingart BIOETHICAL CONTROVERSIES AND POLICY ADVICE: THE PRODUCTION OF ETHICAL EXPERTISE AND ITS ROLE IN THE SUBSTANTIATION OF
POLITICAL DECISION-MAKING ............................................................ 21 Alexander Bogner and Wolfgang Menz Chapter 3:
ADVISORY SYSTEMS IN PLURALISTIC KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES: A CRITERIA-BASED TYPOLOGY TO ASSESS AND OPTIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ADVICE....................................................... 41 Harald Heinrichs
Chapter 4:
INSTITUTIONAL DESIGN FOR SOCIALLY ROBUST KNOWLEDGE: THE NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM’S REPORT ON CARCINOGENS ....... 63 David H. Guston
Chapter 5:
REPRESENTATION, EXPERTISE, AND THE
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