Dental age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Dental age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Vilma Pinchi 1 & Ilenia Bianchi 1 & Francesco Pradella 1 & Giulia Vitale 1 & Martina Focardi 1 & Ingrid Tonni 2 & Luigi Ferrante 3 & Andrea Bucci 4 Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Dental root calcification has proven to be a reliable biological evidence to estimate chronological age of children. The development of structures usually examined in the age estimation forensic practice (e.g. skeleton, teeth) is supposed to be influenced by diseases and nutritional, environmental, ethnic, and ultimately even socioeconomic factors. This research aims to study the age estimation in children affected by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) with and without steroids treatment and compared with healthy subjects. Material and methods Dental age estimations based on 752 OPGs, 420 girls and 332 boys, aged from 3.3 to 15.99 years, were provided by applying Demirjian and Willems’ original methods. Of the whole sample, 103 individuals were affected by JRA and 40 received a continuous corticosteroid therapy, over 1 year long. Conclusions Willems’ and Demirjian’s original methods, as methods commonly applied to estimate age for sub-adults with unremarkable medical history, can be used for medico-legal purposes to children affected by JRA. Willems’ method tended to underestimate age while Demirjian’s method resulted to be prone to overestimation for both healthy and JRA-affected children. JRA showed to have no influence on root calcification process even in children that received steroid treatment for 1 year or longer. Keywords Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . Dental age estimation . Dental maturation . Forensic odontology
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-020-02395-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Luigi Ferrante [email protected] 1
Department of Health Sciences, Section of Forensic Medical Sciences, University of Florence, largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
2
Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
3
Center of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Medical Information Technology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10/a, 60020 Ancona, Italy
4
Department of Economics, Università degli Studi G. d’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy
Introduction The forensic age estimation procedures usually involve the analysis of the skeletal and dental maturation. Dental age estimation is a reliable and widely performed forensic practice and the methods adopted in children mainly rely on the permanent teeth developmental changes based on dental crown and root mineralization. The developmental process of the other structures usually examined in the age estimation forensi
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