Depression and suicidal ideation: association of physical, mental, social, and spiritual health status
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Depression and suicidal ideation: association of physical, mental, social, and spiritual health status Mina Fukai1,2 · Seowoo Kim3,4 · Young Ho Yun5,6,7 Accepted: 19 May 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine if multidimensional (physical, mental, social, spiritual) health status could predict the presence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the general population. Methods We administered a population-based, cross-sectional survey to 1200 participants from the general Korean population. The survey included the 5 Health Status Questionnaire (5HSQ) for self-rated health status, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression, and a question from the PHQ-9 for suicidal ideation. Multiple logistic regression was performed to estimate the association of significant socio-demographic factors and self-rated health status with depression and suicidal ideation. Results Physical health status was associated with depression in both men and women (men: adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.44–9.00; women: aOR, 2.05; 95% CI 1.13–3.72) while spiritual health status only affected men (aOR, 5.50; 95% CI 2.59–11.65) and mental health status only women (aOR, 3.92; 95% CI 2.03–7.54). Social health status was associated with suicidal ideation in men (aOR, 4.87; 95% CI 2.74–19.99) while mental health status was associated with suicidal ideation in women (aOR, 4.31; 95% CI 1.90–9.76). Conclusion Physical, mental, social, and spiritual self-rated health statuses were all found to be associated with an individual’s predisposition to depression and suicidal ideation with notable differences between men and women. Keywords Self-rated health status · Depression · Suicidal ideation · General population
Mina Fukai and Seowoo Kim have contributed equally to this work. * Young Ho Yun [email protected] 1
Yonsei University Underwood International College, Seoul, Korea
2
Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology Major, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
3
Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
4
Interdisciplinary Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
5
Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
6
Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak‑ro, Jongno‑gu, Seoul 110‑799, Korea
7
Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Introduction Suicide and depression have become imperative issues in contemporary society [1–4]. In 2015, approximately 322 million people or 4.4% of the world’s population suffered from depression [5]. Depression is a critical health condition that may further develop into chronic or recurrent medical symptoms and may degrade a patient’s quality of life.[6, 7]. Patients with depre
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