Design, fabrication and performance assessment of a solar cooker with optimum composition of heat storage materials
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GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER
Design, fabrication and performance assessment of a solar cooker with optimum composition of heat storage materials B.C. Anilkumar 1 & Ranjith Maniyeri 1 & S. Anish 1 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 27 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Solar energy as an inexhaustible source of energy has been the primary interest of many researchers for the last four to five decades due to its wide applications such as domestic cooking systems. The current work aims to determine the optimum cooker surface area with the aid of analytical heat loss and design equations. The top, bottom and side heat loss coefficients are calculated by an iterative procedure solved using MATLAB. Also, it seeks to obtain the performance parameters of a solar cooker having sensible heat storage materials. For an anticipated average solar irradiation of 800 W/m2 and for boiling 1.5 kg mass of water, the cooker surface area is found to be 0.36 m2 and fabricated accordingly. Also, in this study, iron grits, sand, brick powder and charcoal powder are taken in the optimum ratio (mass) of 1:2:2:3 respectively as heat storage material. The performance indicators namely first and second figures of merit (F1 and F2), thermal and exergy efficiency are found to be 0.085, 0.319, 16.1% and 0.61% respectively. It is found that water temperature in the developed thermal energy storage incorporated solar cooker is maintained above 70 °C until 6 PM in a day. Keywords Box-type cooker . Absorber plate . Figure of merit . Sensible thermal energy storage
Introduction Cooking needs a major portion of total energy consumption in many of the developing countries (Cuce and Cuce 2013). In many places in the developing countries, commercial fuels like natural gas, LPG and electricity are still not available and people are forced to use solid fuels (fire wood, agricultural waste, dung) and kerosene for cooking. According to the Global Burden of Disease study by the World Health Organization (WHO), about 3 billion people across the world are still cooking in open fires with kerosene and solid fuels which results in premature deaths of about 4 million people in a year (WHO 2018). It is reported that in Indian rural areas, about 90% of families were using fire wood for cooking (Pohekar et al. 2005). But continuous use of firewood for Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Ranjith Maniyeri [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal, Mangalore, Karnataka 575025, India
cooking results in several environmental and ecological effects likes deforestation and also serious health problems like lung diseases and eye disorders. Cooking with solid fuels also has notable effects on global climate change by the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and NOx) and black carbon which shares about 1 to 3% of human-created global warming (Milind et al. 2014). Most urban residents fulfil their cooking energy needs from clea
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