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NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series

A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.

The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences B Physics

Plenum Publishing Corporation London and New York

C Mathematical and Physical Sciences D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences

Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, Boston and London

F G H I

Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, Paris and Tokyo

Computer and Systems Sciences Ecological Sciences Cell Biology Global Environmental Change

NATO-PCO-DATA BASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than 30000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO-DATA BASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (©WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc.

1989). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-PCO, Overijse, Belgium.

Series D: Behavioural and Social Sciences - Vol. 71

Design Methodology and Relationships with Science edited by

M. J. de Vries Eindhoven University of Technology, Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

N. Cross Open University, Faculty of Technology, Milton Keynes, UK and

D. P. Grant Architecture Department, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A.

Springer-Science+Business Media, BV.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Design Methodology and Relationships with Science Eindhoven, The Netherlands September 29 - October 2, 1992

ISBN 978-90-481-4252-1

DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8220-9

ISBN 978-94-015-8220-9 (eBook)

Printed on acid-free paper

AII Rights Reserved

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface

Vll

Theme 1. Design methodology as an emerging discipline Design methodology and relationships with science: introduction M.J. de Vries A history of design methodology N. Cross

1

15

Theme 2. Historical and contemporary case studies Science and the design of mechanical and optical devices: a few case studies F. Le Guet Tully

29

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