Design of a universal primer pair for the identification of deer species
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Design of a universal primer pair for the identification of deer species Liuwei Xie1 · Yongyan Deng2 · Xiqun Shao1 · Pengfei Hu2 · Dawei Zhao2 · Chunyi Li2 · Hengxing Ba1,2 Received: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Deer species has both scientific research and economic value, and half of these species, however, are listed as endangered animals. For the conservation purpose, we designed a novel universal deer-specific PCR primer pair based on an evolutionarily conservative coding sequence (i.e., CEP295NL gene) across some deer species. This primer pair was successfully amplified and sequenced, showing around ~ 540 bp in cervids. Validation results showed that it can be utilized to develop a reliable and simple diagnostic tool for distinguishing other closely related species, as well as possibly interspecific identification amongst cervids. Keywords Deer · Universal primer · Nuclear gene · CEP295NL · Diagnostic tool · Species identification Cervidae is the second largest family in Ruminantia (second to Bovidae) and consists of 56 species (Geist 1998). Half of these deer species are today red listed by the IUCN as vulnerable, endangered or extinct in the wild. Deer are excellent models for studying evolution, biodiversity, interspecies hybridization (Abernethy 2008; Derr et al. 1991), social organization (i.e. hierarchical status) (Bartos and Bubenik 2011), unique organ development (i.e. fully regenerable antlers) (Li et al. 2009) and habitat selection (Blix 2016; Qiao et al. 2006). Moreover, some species (such as sika deer and wapiti) have the more economically values than others (such as roe deer and muntjac). Deer meat with a low fat content is appreciated for its characteristic taste, and its Liuwei Xie and Yongyan Deng contributed to this manuscript equally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-020-01176-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Chunyi Li [email protected] * Hengxing Ba [email protected] 1
Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.4899 Juye Street, Jingyue District 130112, Changchun, China
Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, No.1345 Pudong Road, Nanguan District 130000, Changchun, China
2
consumption has been associated with positive health effects (Kaltenbrunner et al. 2018b). Velvet antlers are widely used as a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine in East Asian countries for many centuries. However, before applicable for their scientific research, conservation and detection of adulteration of deer production, a reliable and simple diagnostic tool must be developed. Here, we developed and validated a PCR-based assay with a universal primer pair from a single copy nucleus gene. Compared with the deer species-specific PCR primers (Kaltenbrunner et al. 2018a, 2018b; Yang et al. 2020), our universal PCR primer has t
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