Detailed Investigation of Filtration and Regeneration Processes in a Diesel Particulate Filter System
This experimental work focuses on examining the detailed filtration and regeneration processes of diesel particulate filter (DPF) system under reaction with various gas emissions. To visualize these processes, we fabricated a unique thermal reactor visual
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Abstract This experimental work focuses on examining the detailed filtration and regeneration processes of diesel particulate filter (DPF) system under reaction with various gas emissions. To visualize these processes, we fabricated a unique thermal reactor visualized through a quartz plate, in which a 2-inch diameter 9 6-inch long cordierite filter was placed. The cylindrical filter was bisected to examine internal microstructures. Other major components consist of a series of 6 kW electric heater units and a microscopic imaging system. This bench-scale DPF system is connected to the engine exhaust pipe, from where engine-out exhaust emissions were bypassed to the DPF system at a constant flow rate. The filtration and regeneration processes were then visualized to examine soot loading and oxidation phenomena on the channel surfaces, along with measurements of pressure drops across the filter. The mass of soot loading was accurately measured at the DPF inlet by a tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). As a result, three consecutive filtration stages were identified from the pressure drop data and soot loading video images: (1) deep-bed filtration in which the pressure drop significantly increased, (2) transitional filtration, and (3) soot cake formation in which the pressure drop gradually increased to the end of filtration. The mass of soot loading was also measured at each stage. In the DPF regeneration experiment followed by the completion of soot loading, three different regeneration stages were identified, where the degree of pressure drop tended to be different each other. For regeneration, both raw exhaust emissions and NO2-added exhaust
F2012-A04-045 S. Choi K. Lee (&) Transportation Technology R&D Center, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, U. S. A e-mail: [email protected]
SAE-China and FISITA (eds.), Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 189, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33841-0_63, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
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emissions were used as reactants for soot. The regeneration with NO2-added emissions was performed at two different DPF inlet temperatures, 400 and 500 °C. The results showed that the NO2-added exhaust emissions significantly enhanced regeneration by reducing the total regeneration time, while overall regeneration behaviours turn out to be similar between the two different reactant mixtures, both cases showing three different regeneration stages and a similar pressure drop trend. Keywords Diesel particulate filter emissions Soot cake
Filtration
Regeneration
Particulate
1 Introduction Regulations for particulate matter (PM) emissions have been very stringent over the world for recent years. For examples, the current Euro-5 PM emission standards for light duty vehicles require a ten times lower limit than did the Euro-3 ones: 0.005 g/km for the Euro-5. Moreover, the number of particulates, which are larger than 23 nm in diameters, will
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