Detection of fowl adenovirus D strains in wild birds in Poland by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
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(2020) 16:58
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Detection of fowl adenovirus D strains in wild birds in Poland by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Jowita Samanta Niczyporuk*, Wojciech Kozdruń, Hanna Czekaj, Natalia Styś-Fijoł and Karolina Piekarska
Abstract Background: The present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration. In several previous studies, the presence of adenovirus strains in wild birds has been investigated. Worldwide distribution and outbreaks of adenovirus infections have been reported by many authors. The present study investigated the prevalence of FAdVs in 317 samples of different bird species from the northwestern region of Poland. An applied specific, sensitive, and efficient, without cross-reactivity loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to gauge the prevalence of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds was developed and used. Results: The method was based on the sequence of the loop L1 HVR1–4 region of the hexon gene of the FAdV genome reference strains FAdV-2 KT862805 (ANJ02325), FAdV-3 KT862807 (ANJ02399) and FAdV-11 KC750784 (AGK29904). The results obtained by LAMP were confirmed by real-time PCR. Among 317 samples obtained from wild birds, eight FAdV isolates (2.52%) were identified and produced a cytopathic effect (CPE) in chicken embryo kidney cells (CEK). Three FAdV types belonging to species Fowl adenovirus D were detected, which were isolated from three adenovirus types 2/3/11, and have been confirmed in three mute swans (Cygnus olor), three wild ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), one owl (Strigiformes), and one common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus). Conclusions: This study provides the first accurate quantitative data for the replication of fowl adenovirus strains in wild birds in Poland, indicating adenovirus interspecies transmission, and demonstrating the circulation of FAdVs in wild birds. Keywords: Interspecies transmission, LAMP, Virus strains, Wild birds
Background Adenoviruses belong to the Adenoviridae family, and are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses [1]. The conserved domains are responsible for specific structure of molecule, and for trimer formation [2, 3]. The highly variable domains are located mainly outside of the virion, and are responsible for the antigenic properties of the virus strains [1, 4]. The International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses [2] separated the Adenoviridae family into five genera: Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus, Siadenovirus, Atadenovirus, and Ichtadenovirus. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) are separated into five species designated as Fowl adenovirus A to Fowl adenovirus E with 12 types Fowl adenovirus 1-8a-8b and 11. FAdVs are a * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
very divergent pathogens with generally a low level of virulence [4], however, under certain conditions, they can cause a variety disorders in domestic and wild birds [
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