Detection of post-earthquake damage inside a concrete arch dam using the electromechanical impedance method
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Detection of post‑earthquake damage inside a concrete arch dam using the electromechanical impedance method Chunyuan Zuo1 · Xin Feng2 · Zhe Fan3 · Yu Zhang4 · Jing Zhou2 Received: 11 May 2020 / Revised: 16 September 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The detection of post-earthquake damage inside concrete dams has recently attracted great interest in academia and industry. A novel electromechanical impedance (EMI) method using embedded EMI sensors (EMISs) is proposed in this paper to detect earthquake-induced damage within concrete dams. The basic concept of the proposed EMI method is to use highfrequency excitations to monitor local changes in the monitored dams caused by damage. Based on the effective impedance, a three-dimensional (3D) EMI model for embedded EMISs is proposed. Then, a new damage-sensitive feature factor is derived based on the proposed 3D EMI model. A high arch dam model with embedded EMISs is studied experimentally. Moreover, shaking table tests are conducted on the dam model. The proposed 3D EMI method is used to monitor the evolution of earthquake-induced damage inside the dam model. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed EMI method for detecting earthquake-induced damage in concrete dams. Keywords Structural damage identification · Electromechanical impedance method · Concrete arch dam · Earthquakeinduced damage · Shaking table tests
1 Introduction
* Xin Feng [email protected] Chunyuan Zuo chunyuan‑[email protected] Zhe Fan [email protected] Yu Zhang [email protected] Jing Zhou [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Smart Factory Engineering Research Centre, College of Management and Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai’an 223003, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
4
Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
To satisfy energy demands, we have constructed many concrete dams, even in regions with high seismic activity. Strong earthquakes will inevitably degrade the health of these dams, inducing structural damage. In addition, concrete dams are subjected to other adverse factors, such as corrosion [1, 2]. In recent years, the safety and stability of these concrete dams have received considerable attention [3]. However, it is difficult to detect earthquake-induced damage inside concrete dams via current structural health monitoring (SHM) methods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a feasible damage detection method for concrete dams after an earthquake. The traditional methods for detecting earthquake-induced damage within concrete dams are visual inspection, fullscale field tests, and low-frequency vibration methods [4, 5]. How
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