Detection of the multiple spallation parameters and the internal structure of a particle cloud during shock-wave loading
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Detection of the Multiple Spallation Parameters and the Internal Structure of a Particle Cloud during Shock-Wave Loading of a Metal A. V. Fedorov*, A. L. Mikhailov, S. A. Finyushin, D. A. Kalashnikov, E. A. Chudakov, E. I. Butusov, and I. S. Gnutov All-Russia Research Institute of Experimental Physics (VNIIEF), Russian Federal Nuclear Center, Sarov, Nizhegorodskaya oblast, 607188 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received July 2, 2015
Abstract—The results of experiments on studying spallation and the ejection of particles from the surfaces of copper and lead samples are presented. A laser interferometry method is used to detect the particle cloud velocity and the multiple spallation parameters. Angular detectors are used to detect the depth profile of the particle cloud velocity dispersion and the structure of metal spallation. DOI: 10.1134/S1063776116020187
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this work is to determine the particle size and velocity during shock-wave sputtering of metals. The laser interferometry PDV method [1–3] can be used to monitor the velocity spectrum of a particle cloud and the deceleration of particles in a gas atmosphere. In the case of a dense particle cloud, this method makes it possible to study only the small part of the cloud permeable for laser radiation. To analyze the cloud parameters throughout the cloud, we designed a receiver using frontal and angular detectors. As a result of experiments, we determined the velocity dispersion of the entire cloud of flying particles and the multiple spallation parameters. To detect the internal spallation structure of a metal, we induced large-scale perturbations on the surface to be studied and determined the spallation layer velocities in the range 0.2–1.7 km/s. EXPERIMENTAL In experiments on studying the metal sputtering parameters, we used three PDV detectors, two of which were located at a certain angle and one detector was frontal to the surface to be studied (Fig. 1a). The experimental assembly and the scheme of location of recording points on the surface are shown in Fig. 1a. A lead sample 30 mm in diameter and 1.57 mm in thickness was loaded to P = 28 GPa in experiment 1 (liquid state) and to P = 15 GPa in experiment 2 (solid state). The frontal collimator was located at the
center at an angle of 90°, and the angular collimators were placed on the side wall of an acrylic-plastic holder at an angle of 45° to sample surface so that segments ±2.5 mm from the center of the sample were analyzed. Three-dimensional perturbations in the form of pyramids 14 × 14 × 2 mm3 in size were created on the sample surface in a series of experiments on recording the spallation fragmentation of copper (Fig. 1b). A copper sample 60 mm in diameter and 7.5 mm in thickness was loaded to P = 37 GPa by a steel 2-mm-thick liner 60 mm in diameter, which was accelerated in a gap by the products of explosion of a cartridge. Three PDV detectors with the detection points located at the vertex of a pyramid (A), in the depression between two neighboring pyramid
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