Deterioration of sagittal spinal alignment with age originates from the pelvis not the lumbar spine: a 4-year longitudin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Deterioration of sagittal spinal alignment with age originates from the pelvis not the lumbar spine: a 4‑year longitudinal cohort study Shin Oe1 · Yu Yamato1 · Tomohiko Hasegawa2 · Go Yoshida2 · Sho Kobayashi3 · Tatsuya Yasuda2 · Tomohiro Banno2 · Hideyuki Arima2 · Yuki Mihara2 · Hiroki Ushirozako2 · Tomohiro Yamada2 · Koichiro Ide2 · Yuh Watanabe2 · Daisuke Togawa4 · Haruo Niwa5 · Yukihiro Matsuyama2 Received: 12 February 2020 / Revised: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 18 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose There is controversy regarding age-related deterioration of spinal sagittal alignment in cross-sectional study. Although we reported that deterioration in spinal alignment originated at the cervical spine in males and the pelvis in females, others studies have indicated that the lumbar spine is initially implicated in both sexes. The purpose of this study was to clarify these differences in a longitudinal cohort study. Methods Our analysis was based on 237 individuals aged 60–89 years who participated in our health screening study in 2014 and 2018. They were classified into six groups by birth year and sex: 60–69 years (26 males, 49 females); 70–79 years (35 males, 88 females); and 80–89 years (19 males, 20 females). The following parameters were measured from standing radiographs: pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis, T1 slope, cervical lordosis, C7 sagittal vertical axis (C7 SVA), and C2-7 SVA. Results In males, the first significant change was an increase in the PT angle (19°, in 2014, to 21°, in 2018) in the 80–89 years age group (P
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