Determinants factors to Pap smear screening among married women in a city of South Iran: applying the BASNEF model
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Determinants factors to Pap smear screening among married women in a city of South Iran: applying the BASNEF model Rahimeh Momeni1, Zahra Hosseini2* , Teamur Aghamolaei3 and Amin Ghanbarnejad3
Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is known to be preventable because of the long pre-invasion period and the availability of appropriate screening methods. Pap smear is a selective screening approach, which is not taken seriously enough by many women. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive, analytical study was performed using electronic health records of 202 women visiting the health centers chosen through the systematic sampling method. The data collection tool contained items on demographic information, awareness regarding cervical cancer, and the beliefs, attitudes, subjective norms, and enabling factors (BASNEF) model constructs. Data were analyzed using the linear regression analysis, logistic regression, and multivariate regression analysis with backward selection in SPSS, version 18. Results: Based on the results, more than half of the women had never had a Pap smear test. Of the 202 women, only 14.8% had repeated the Pap smear test at the standard interval. Attitudes and subjective norms predicted the intention to have a Pap smear test among the eligible women. Overall, 10% of the changes in behavioral intention were explained by attitudes and subjective norms. In the BASNEF model, the behavioral intention was one of the most important factors that affected compliance with the Pap smear test among the eligible women. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is possible to improve screening behaviors among women through proper planning to increase awareness and improve attitudes, subjective norms, enabling factors, and behavioral intention. Pap smear plays an important role in controlling cervical cancer. Keywords: Cervical cancer, Pap smear, Women, BASNEF model, Iran Background The global burden of cervical cancer is not equally distributed throughout the world, and more than 80% of new cases of this disease occur in developing countries. The rate of cervical cancer has significantly reduced in developed countries due to performing cytology-based screening programs in recent years [1]. Studies in developing countries have shown that only 4.1% of the women *Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
aged 18–69 years old had regularly undergone cervical cancer screening over the past 3 years [2]. The incidence of this cancer in Iran is lower than the global average, but due to the increased smoking, hookah and drug abuse among the younger generation, lifestyle changes and increased risky behaviors it is expected that HPV will increase and the incidence of this cancer in Iran may also increase [3]. Cervical cancer is known as a preventable malignancy because of its long pre-invasion period, access to a
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