Determinants of last lap speed in paced and maximal 1500-m time trials

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Determinants of last lap speed in paced and maximal 1500‑m time trials Phillip Bellinger1,2   · Wim Derave3 · Eline Lievens3 · Ben Kennedy4 · Blayne Arnold1 · Hal Rice4 · Clare Minahan1 Received: 10 July 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Purpose  The present study identified the physiological and performance characteristics that are deterministic during a maximal 1500-m time trial and in paced 1500-m time trials, with an all-out last lap. Methods  Thirty-two trained middle-distance runners (n = 21 male, ­VO2peak: 72.1 ± 3.2; n = 11, female, ­VO2peak: 61.2 ± 3.7 mL ­kg−1 ­min−1) completed a 1500-m time trial in the fastest time possible ­(1500FAST) as well as a ­1500MOD and ­1500SLOW trial whereby mean speed was reduced during the 0–1100 m by 5% and 10%, respectively. Anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), running economy (RE), the velocity corresponding with ­VO2peak (VVO2peak), maximal sprint speed (MSS) and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) were determined during additional testing. Carnosine content was quantified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the gastrocnemius and expressed as a Z-score to estimate muscle fibre typology. Results 1500FAST time was best explained by RE and VVO2peak in female runners (adjusted r2 = 0.80, P