Determination of the Behavior of 6063 Aluminum in the Friction Welding Process Using Mathematical Models
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DETERMINATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF 6063 ALUMINUM IN THE FRICTION WELDING PROCESS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS F. García1,2, P. del C. Zambrano Robledo2, M.P. Guerrero2, F. García-Vazquez1 1 Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales (COMIMSA), Ciencia y Tecnología #790 Fracc. Saltillo 400, C.P. 25290, Coahuila, México Tel: (844)4113200 ext.1217 2
Doctorado en Ingeniería de Materiales, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N.L., C.P. 66451. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this work, it was used a Johnson-Cook elastic-plastic model to represent the behavior in the friction welding process of 6063 aluminum. Temperature and strain rate dependent laws were used to determine the behavior of the material. The results determined that the amount of heat transferred into the material dictates the quality and the microstructure of the welding and the mechanical strength of the welded joint in an ideal process. KEYWORDS: welding, porosity, Al. 1. Introduction Today, companies have great changes wrought by technology, global competition and new ways of operating. The automotive sector is no exception, they should strengthen the technological advances that allow them to develop an infrastructure that meets the requirements of productive development. The welding of aluminum by electric arc process presents operational difficulties: porosity, susceptibility to hot cracking, aluminum alloys were considered non-weldable in aviation and aerospace applications due to poor properties in the area of fusion, some alloys aluminum can be welded by resistance, but the preparation is expensive. The friction welding process (patented in 1991, TWI), with great potential for application was originally developed for welding aluminum, currently employed in a variety of materials: copper, magnesium, titanium, steel, dissimilar material joints, composite materials polymers, etc. The main component of friction welding is the welding tool, is basically made in one piece and consists of two parts, a bolt and a support (shoulder). The process begins with the introduction of the bolt between the parts to be joined until the shoulder contacts the surface of the parts to be joined. Then he applies a forward speed of the tool toward the weld line. The softening of the material around the bolt, due to high temperatures, and the combined action of rotation and translation of the tool, leading to material front bolt back the same, creating the union of the parts. The FSW process heat is generated by friction between the tool and the workpiece. This heat flows both within the piece as the tool. The amount of heat conducted into the workpiece and the thermal and mechanical properties of materials determine the quality of the weld residual stress and distortion of the workpiece [1].
Figura 1. Esquema de soldadura por fricción (FSW) [1] Knowledge of the behavior of materials at different temperatures allows a deeper understanding, which
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