Developing diagnostic reference levels in Japan
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Developing diagnostic reference levels in Japan Reiko Kanda1,4 · Masaaki Akahane2,4 · Yusuke Koba1,4 · Weishan Chang1,4 · Keiichi Akahane1,4 · Yasuo Okuda1,4 · Makoto Hosono3,4 Received: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 25 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Introduction In recent years, concern regarding the effects of radiation exposure in medical care has increased with the rapidly expanding use of medical radiation. Japan is facing a unique situation: although the use of radiological tests is increasing rapidly, there is a great deal of social concern about the potential effects of radiation on human health due to the experiences of exposure to atomic bombs and nuclear disasters. In the late 2000s, international programs (i.e., the World Health Organization’s Global Initiative and the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) Smart Card/ SmartRadTrack Project) started work on medical radiation levels. It is necessary for Japan as a whole to discuss safety measures with regards to medical exposure. Since there was no legislation mandating the optimization of medical exposure, the Japanese government had not been involved in the promotion of protection against medical exposure. This situation served as an opportunity for establishing a new organization to work on these problems in cooperation with many related communities. The Japan Network for Research and Information on Medical Exposures (J-RIME) was formed in 2010 to engage * Reiko Kanda [email protected] 1
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4‑9‑1, Anagawa, Inage‑ku, Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
2
Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, 4‑3, Kozunomori, Narita, Chiba 286‑8686, Japan
3
Department of Radiology, Kindai University, 377‑2, Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka 589‑8511, Japan
4
Japan Network for Research and Information On Medical Exposures (J-RIME), 4‑9‑1, Anagawa, Inage‑ku, Chiba 263‑8555, Japan
the stakeholders, to share information on medical radiation exposure within and outside Japan, and to work towards a national framework for radiation protection from medical exposure. The J-RIME has established the first DRLs in Japan in June 2015 and published the updated DRLs in July 2020. In this review, the contents of Japan DRLs and their process of the establishment were overviewed.
The Japan Network for Research and Information on Medical Exposures (J‑RIME) As of 2020, J-RIME has been functioning as a nationwide network with participation from academic institutions, professional societies, national and international organizations and agencies, equipment suppliers, government authorities, individual experts, and other stakeholders. Liaison organizations of J-RIME are increasing year by year (Table 1). So far, the chair of J-RIME has been a member of Committee 3 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), i.e., Dr. Yoshiharu Yonekura (2010–2017) and Dr. Makoto Hosono (2
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