Developing regional genetic counseling for southern Chinese with nonsyndromic hearing impairment: a unique mutational sp
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Developing regional genetic counseling for southern Chinese with nonsyndromic hearing impairment: a unique mutational spectrum Kaitian Chen, Ling Zong, Min Liu, Xianren Wang, Wei Zhou, Yuan Zhan, Hui Cao, Chang Dong, Haocheng Tang and Hongyan Jiang*
Abstract Background: Racial and regional factors are important for the clinical diagnosis of non-syndromic hearing impairment. Comprehensive genetic analysis of deaf patients in different regions of China must be performed to provide effective genetic counseling. To evaluate the mutational spectrum of south Chinese families, we performed genetic analysis for non-syndromic hearing impairment in this population. Methods: Complete clinical evaluations were performed on 701 unrelated patients with non-syndromic hearing impairment from six provinces in south China. Each subject was screened for common mutations, including SLC26A4 c.IVS7-2A > G, c.2168A > G; mitochondrial DNA m.1555A > G, m.1494C > T, m.7444G > A, m.7445A > G; GJB3 c.538C > T, c.547G > A; and WFS1 c.1901A > C, using pyrosequencing. GJB2 and SLC26A4 coding region mutation detection were performed using Sanger sequencing. Results: Genetic analysis revealed that among the etiology of non-syndromic hearing impairment, GJB2, SLC26A4, and mitochondrial m.1555A > G mutations accounted for 18.0%, 13.1%, and 0.9%, respectively. Common mutations included GJB2 c.235delC, c.109G > A, SLC26A4 c.IVS7-2A > G, c.1229 T > C, and mitochondrial m.1555A > G. The total mutation rate was 45.1% in all patients examined in south China. Overall, the clear contribution of GJB2, SLC26A4, and mitochondrial m.1555A > G to the etiology of the non-syndromic deafness population in south China was 32.0%. Conclusions: Our study is the first genetic analysis of non-syndromic hearing impairment in south China, and revealed that a clear genetic etiology accounted for 32.0% of non-syndromic hearing cases in patients from these regions. The mutational spectrum of non-syndromic hearing impairment in the south Chinese population provides useful and targeted information to aid in genetic counseling. Keywords: South China, Non-syndromic hearing impairment, GJB2, SLC26A4, Mitochondrial DNA, GJB3, WFS1, Gene mutation
Background Hereditary deafness is a genetically heterogeneous disease with an incidence rate of approximately 1/1000 [1]. Non-syndromic hearing impairment (NSHI) accounts for 60-70% of inherited hearing impairments. Among the plethora of deafness genes discovered in the past decade, certain genes are more important than others * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University and Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
from an epidemiologic perspective. Mutations in GJB2, SLC26A4, and the mitochondrial 12SrRNA gene have been shown to have a high prevalence in NSHI [2-4]. China is a multiethnic, large country with a population of at least 1.6 billion, which encompasses 9.6 m
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