Development and Evaluation of Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) for Disaster Risk Reduction
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Development and Evaluation of Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) for Disaster Risk Reduction Jun Sasaki 1 & Makoto Kitsuya 1 Accepted: 6 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In Japan, there are many flood and tsunami disasters caused by typhoons, heavy rains and earthquakes. In this case, the residents have an evacuation time to evacuate to shelters after evacuation alerts from a governmental office. However, some people don’t try to evacuate soon. As a result, it is problem that some victims of disasters are caused because without or late evacuation and supporting. In order to prevent such a damage, we developed Regional Information Sharing System (RISS) for disaster risk reduction. The RISS includes daily required life information from regional government and regional shops, as well as disaster information, shelters’ condition and the information of support required people and support teams. In this paper, we introduce the concept of RISS and its evaluation results on a field test and the effects in a regional disaster case by multi-agent simulation. Keywords Evacuation support . Information sharing . Disaster response . Multi-agent simulation
1 Introduction In the case of flood and tsunami disasters caused by typhoons, heavy rains and earthquakes, the residents have an evacuation time to evacuate to shelters after evacuation alert from a governmental office. The delay in evacuation of suffers has sometimes caused a large human damage. For example, Fig. 1(a) and (b) shows victims’ evacuation start time on 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (Weathernews, 2019) (Weathernews Inc. 2011). The (a) and (b) show the ratio of alive people and that of died people, respectively. Though 71% of the alive people evacuated within 120 min, the ratio of evacuated people in the deceased people was only 22%. In addition, there are support required people (SRP) such as elderly and disabled people who cannot evacuate alone at the time of a disaster. It is important that the supporters who support the evacuation of such people with sharing the information of the SRP, supporters and shelters’ condition, and take evacuation action promptly. In emergency case, an ordinary government work changes into a completely different mode. Especially, an organization
* Jun Sasaki [email protected] Makoto Kitsuya [email protected] 1
Iwate Prefectural University, Iwate, Japan
transformation, a quick decision making and communication with many related people are required. There are many papers on the emergency management systems, the decision making and communication methods in the case of emergency. For example, Turoff et al. (2004) designed the Dynamic Emergency Response Management Information System (DERMIS) (Turoff et al. 2004), Tu et al. (2009) proposed some working flows of transformation in a self-organizing team for emergency responses (Tu et al. 2009), and Gonzalez et al. (2016) constructed a simulation model of disaster response (Gonzalez et al. 2016). Palttala et
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