Development of carbon-based sensors for electrochemical quantification of vitamins B 2 and B 6 at nanomolar levels
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Development of carbon‑based sensors for electrochemical quantification of vitamins B2 and B6 at nanomolar levels Bülent Zeybek1 · Ahmet Üğe1 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020 © Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract Two platforms have been developed that can be easily prepared for voltammetric analysis of vitamins B2 (VB2, riboflavin) and B6 (VB6, pyridoxine), which are very important for our health. The first platform was prepared by electrochemically reduction of graphene oxide on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE), while the second platform was prepared by the electrochemical deposition of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) on the electrode. The prepared f-MWCNTs and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) modified electrodes (GCE/f-MWCNTs and GCE/ERGO) were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and various electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical determination of the V B2 and VB6 was performed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), which is extensively preferred for quantitative assay. Compared with many modified electrodes in previous studies, and bare GCE, these electrodes revealed the high electrocatalytic performance for detecting V B2 and VB6. Linear range for the VB2 was determined to be 0.004–1.0 µmol L−1 with detection limit (DL) of 1.0 nmol L−1 at the GCE/f-MWCNTs electrode and 0.100–40 µmol L−1 with DL of 16 nmol L−1 at the GCE/ERGO electrode. A linear relation of the VB6 oxidation response for the GCE/f-MWCNTs and GCE/ERGO electrodes was observed in the interval of 8.0–1000 µmol L−1 with DL of 2.8 nmol L−1 and 20–1000 µmol L−1 with DL of 14 nmol L−1, respectively. The feasibility study of the developed sensors was investigated by detecting V B6 and V B2 in commercially available ampoule and tablet samples. Moreover, these sensors showed the wide linear range, good selectivity ability, reproducibility, and repeatability.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01387-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bülent Zeybek [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya, Turkey
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Chemical Papers
Graphic abstract
Keywords Graphene oxide · Riboflavin · Pyridoxine · Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Introduction Vitamin B2 (VB2), usually called riboflavin, 6,7-dimethyl9-(D-1-ribityl)-isoalloxazine, is a substantial member of the water soluble B complex vitamins group (Bandžuchová et al. 2012). VB2 takes part in hemoglobin production, care of the visual function of an eye, and metabolism in the human body (Anisimova et al. 2001; Kowalczyk et al. 2017). VB2 is a primary component of two coenzymes found in our bodies, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and has
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