Development of CNC-reinforced PBAT nanocomposites with reduced percolation threshold: a comparative study on the prepara
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Development of CNC-reinforced PBAT nanocomposites with reduced percolation threshold: a comparative study on the preparation method Emre Vatansever1, Dogan Arslan2, Deniz Sema Sarul1, Yusuf Kahraman2, Gurbuz Gunes3, Ali Durmus4, and Mohammadreza Nofar1,2,* 1
Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey 2 Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey 3 Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey 4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Avcılar, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
Received: 5 June 2020
ABSTRACT
Accepted: 12 August 2020
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)-reinforced poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposites with CNC contents of 1, 3, and 5 wt% were prepared through either solution casting or dilution of a PBAT/CNC masterbatch through melt mixing. The efficiency of these preparation approaches on CNC dispersion quality was examined using transmission electron microscopy and rheological analysis. It was found that solution-casted nanocomposites possessed a much finer CNC dispersion, while melt mixing could cause the formation of CNC agglomerates. In the nanocomposites, the rheological percolation threshold through small-amplitude oscillatory shear experiments was determined to be around 2.18 and 3.15 wt% CNC, respectively. The PBAT melt crystallization was also promoted with CNC regardless of the preparation method. The oxygen permeability of PBAT remarkably reduced with the CNC incorporation, specifically in the solution-casted nanocomposites with finer CNC dispersion. The thermal degradation, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were also compared although no significant differences were observed.
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Springer Science+Business
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05105-4
J Mater Sci
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
Introduction During the last decade, with the global environmental concerns, more attentions have been focused on the development of biodegradable polymers and composites for various commodity applications. Due to its high level of flexibility, toughness, and ductility, as well as reasonable mechanical strength and good processability, poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has been recognized as a promising biodegradable plastic candidate for packaging applications [1]. In this context, PBAT has been considered as a suitable alternative to replace polyethylene (PE)-based films that are widely used in flexible packaging applications [2–4]. The improvements in the viscoelastic and barrier properties as well as mechanical strength and stiffness of PBAT could, however, further widen its usage in packaging application
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