Development of Computerized Tests for the Evaluation of Human Three-Dimensional Spatial Ability

Three-dimensional (3D) spatial ability is a critical cognitive ability of humans. The existing tests for 3D spatial ability are mainly paper-and-pencil tests. In the present paper, we developed computerized tests to evaluate human spatial ability. We chos

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Shengzhao Long Balbir S. Dhillon Editors

Man-MachineEnvironment System Engineering Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on MMESE

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering Volume 406

Board of Series editors Leopoldo Angrisani, Napoli, Italy Marco Arteaga, Coyoacán, México Samarjit Chakraborty, München, Germany Jiming Chen, Hangzhou, P.R. China Tan Kay Chen, Singapore, Singapore Rüdiger Dillmann, Karlsruhe, Germany Haibin Duan, Beijing, China Gianluigi Ferrari, Parma, Italy Manuel Ferre, Madrid, Spain Sandra Hirche, München, Germany Faryar Jabbari, Irvine, USA Janusz Kacprzyk, Warsaw, Poland Alaa Khamis, New Cairo City, Egypt Torsten Kroeger, Stanford, USA Tan Cher Ming, Singapore, Singapore Wolfgang Minker, Ulm, Germany Pradeep Misra, Dayton, USA Sebastian Möller, Berlin, Germany Subhas Mukhopadyay, Palmerston, New Zealand Cun-Zheng Ning, Tempe, USA Toyoaki Nishida, Sakyo-ku, Japan Bijaya Ketan Panigrahi, New Delhi, India Federica Pascucci, Roma, Italy Tariq Samad, Minneapolis, USA Gan Woon Seng, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore Germano Veiga, Porto, Portugal Haitao Wu, Beijing, China Junjie James Zhang, Charlotte, USA

About this Series “Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering (LNEE)” is a book series which reports the latest research and developments in Electrical Engineering, namely: • • • • •

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LNEE publishes authored monographs and contributed volumes which present cutting edge research information as well as new perspectives on classical fields, while maintaining Springer’s high standards of academic excellence. Also considered for publication are lecture materials, proceedings, and other related materials of exceptionally high quality and interest. The subject matter should be original and timely, reporting the latest research and developments in all areas of electrical engineering. The audience for the books in LNEE consists of advanced level students, researchers, and industry professionals working at the forefront of their fields. Much like Springer’s other Lecture Notes series, LNEE will be distributed through Springer’s print and electronic publishing channels.

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Shengzhao Long Balbir S. Dhillon •

Editors

Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on MMESE

123

Editors Shengzhao Long Astronaut Research and Training Center of China Beijing People’s Republic of China

Balbir S. Dhillon University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON Canada

ISSN 1876-1100 ISSN 1876-1119 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ISBN 978-981-10-2322-4 ISBN 978-981-10-2323-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2323-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016947746 © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specificall