Development of GIUH for the Catchment Contributing to Loktak Lake, North East India
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Development of GIUH for the Catchment Contributing to Loktak Lake, North East India K. J. Singh & Shibayan Sarkar
Received: 28 October 2011 / Accepted: 2 May 2012 # Indian Society of Remote Sensing 2012
Abstract Severity of flood damage is highly dependent on topography. In case of wetland, which includes altered water level regimes and linked with river system, estimation of flood is very important. However, substantial uncertainty exists in the precise estimation of river discharge when catchment is ungauged or partially gauged. This paper explores the river discharge of a partially gauged catchment contributing to Loktak Lake, an important wetland of North East India. Usually for the estimation of runoff response of an ungauged catchment resulting from a rainfall event, the geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) approach is very popular. In this paper, firstly an analysis has been performed to explore the geomorphologic parameters of the mentioned catchment and later on these geomorphological parameters coupled with Nakagami-m distribution to derive of GIUHs for various dynamic velocities. Moreover, these GIUHs are compared with another synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) developed by Central Water Commission, Govt. of India (CWC) approach to find out the exact one as any recorded storm event data was
K. J. Singh (*) Department of Civil Engineering, NERIST, Nirjuli 791109 Arunachal Pradesh, India e-mail: [email protected] S. Sarkar Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mining Machinery Engineering, Indian School of Mines Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand, India e-mail: [email protected]
unavailable for validation. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of the proposed model has been conducted. Keywords GIUH . UH . CWC . Nakagami-m . Loktak Lake
Introduction Wetland ecosystems, including rivers, lakes, floodplains and marshes provide great services to mankind. It functions as natural sponge that trap and releases surface water, snowmelt, groundwater and flood waters slowly. Wetland vegetation not only slow down the speed of flood waters but also lowers flood heights, reduces erosion and distributes them over the floodplain. Thereby, flood analyses of wetlands are very important. It has been observed that wetlands are increasingly subjected to intense pressure from multiple anthropogenic activities. Ramsar Convention (Ramsar Bureau 2010) was formed to enlist important wetlands worldwide, which includes and indicates Loktak Lake in North East India is vulnerable. This lake is mainly fed by several rivers originating from Eastern Himalayan Range which are mostly ungauged or partially gauged. For the development of the region, Govt. of India has established several multipurpose Hydroelectric Projects, harnessing the water of the lake and rivers system which also provides irrigation water over several thousand hectares of land in the Manipur valley, North East India.
J Indian Soc Remote Sens
Gradually several urbanized area have been grown nearby the Loktak lake and it has
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