Development of magnetically active scaffolds as intrinsically-deformable bioreactors
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Biomaterials for 3D Cell Biology Research Letter
Development of magnetically active scaffolds as intrinsically-deformable bioreactors Darina A. Gilroy, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland Chris Hobbs, Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland; CRANN, TCD, Dublin, Ireland; School of Physics, TCD, Dublin, Ireland Valeria Nicolosi, Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland; CRANN, TCD, Dublin, Ireland; School of Chemistry, TCD, Dublin, Ireland Conor T. Buckley, Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland Fergal J. O’Brien, and Cathal J. Kearney, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, RCSI & TCD, Dublin 2, Ireland Address all correspondence to Cathal J. Kearney at [email protected] (Received 13 April 2017; accepted 31 May 2017)
Abstract Mesenchymal stem cell behavior can be regulated through mechanical signaling, either by dynamic loading or through biomaterial properties. We developed intrinsically responsive tissue engineering scaffolds that can dynamically load cells. Porous collagen- and alginate-based scaffolds were functionalized with iron oxide to produce magnetically active scaffolds. Reversible deformations in response to magnetic stimulation of up to 50% were recorded by tuning the material properties. Cells could attach to these scaffolds and magnetically induced compressive deformation did not adversely affect viability or cause cell release. This platform should have broad application in the mechanical stimulation of cells for tissue engineering applications.
Introduction Western population demographics have shifted toward a higher median age,[1] attributable to advances in medical care and public health promotion. With this increase in life expectancy, age-related morbidity is rising. In particular, the musculoskeletal system is affected [e.g., osteoarthritis (OA) affects 33% of people over 45 years old[2]] and numerous tissue engineering approaches have been developed for the treatment of localized pathologies. In treating the musculoskeletal system with tissue engineering strategies, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a key cell source (endogenous or exogenous) that can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, myocyte, and adipocyte lineages to facilitate repair.[3] Their repair potential can be enhanced using biomaterial scaffolds, which are fabricated from biocompatible materials. These form a template for tissue regeneration, providing mechanical support, and protection
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