Development of New Materials and Structures for Efficient Organic Solar Cells Fabricated with Ionically and Electrically
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1211-R10-03
Development of New Materials and Structures for Efficient Organic Solar Cells Fabricated with Ionically and Electrically Conductive Polymers
Yoshinori Nishikitani1, Takaya Kubo1,2, and Hideki Masuda3 1
Central Technical Research Laboratory, Research & Development Division, Nippon Oil
Corporation, 8 Chidori-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan 2
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 1-4-6, Komaba,
Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan 3
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of
Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
ABSTRACT New materials and structures have been developed for efficient organic solar cells, dyesensitized solar cells (DCSs) and organic thin-film solar cells (OPVs). In this paper, the authors discuss various strategies for achieving high photon-to-electricity conversion efficiency in these solar cells, focusing on nanostructured materials. In the case of DSCs, unlike TiO2 nanoparticles, TiO2 nanotubes with suitable dimensions are expected to function as efficient light scatterers as well as to give large surface areas for charge separation. A strategy for designing triarylaminefunctionalized ruthenium dyes, which show high efficiency, is also proposed. Furthermore, OPVs based on donor/acceptor (D/A) block copolymers are discussed, focusing on the phase separation of donor and acceptor segments and their domain sizes.
INTRODUCTION Organic solar cells have attracted much attention due to their great potential for low-cost, flexible and light-weight photovoltaic devices. Organic solar cells are broadly classified into two types: so-called Grätzel type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) [1]; and organic thin-film solar cells (OPVs) [2-4]. DSCs are photoelectrochemical cells consisting of mesoporous TiO2 photoelectrodes sensitized with organic dyes such as ruthenium dyes (N719, black dye, etc.), Pt counter electrodes, and I-/I3- redox electrolytes. Due to great progress in increasing the conversion efficiency of DSCs, efficiency of up to around 11% has been reported [5], which compares favorably with amorphous silicon-based solar cells. Further effort is necessary to increase the conversion efficiency and improve durability for outdoor applications. Work is underway to develop new dyes which absorb longer-wavelength light and/or yield higher molar extinction coefficients, to further improve light-harvesting efficiencies [6-8]. The solidification
or quasi-solidification of the electrolyte solution is one way to improve cell durability by preventing the leakage of the electrolyte solution in DSCs [9-13]. We previously reported on our work with quasi-solid state DSCs using gel-type, ionically conductive polymers (ICPs) based on poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) to reduce the leakage of the electrolyte solution [10]. An optimized composition of the PVDF-HFP-based ICP achieved a good balance between quasi-solidification of the electrolyte and higher iodide ion diffusion co
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