Development of Sleep Apnea Device by detection of blood pressure and heart rate measurement
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Development of Sleep Apnea Device by detection of blood pressure and heart rate measurement Smita Sharma1
•
V. M. Mishra2
Received: 23 January 2020 / Revised: 24 October 2020 / Accepted: 10 November 2020 Ó The Society for Reliability Engineering, Quality and Operations Management (SREQOM), India and The Division of Operation and Maintenance, Lulea University of Technology, Sweden 2020
Abstract A condition during the sleep of a person, in which a period of a hitch or pause in breathing occurs is termed as ‘‘Sleep Apnea’’, which is a very common but potentially serious sleep disorder. In this paper, development of a bio-medical non-invasive device is presented for recognition and measurement of this disorder. The blood pressure and heartbeat patterns are obtained from various sensors by regularly monitoring the changes in them and when a dip in the relevant monitoring values is observed, the proposed device generates mild impulse of current which is sufficient to make the patient awake and save them from a possible fatality (mid sleep death). A basic user-friendly mobile application has also been developed for the purpose of monitoring by a remote user also. Keywords Sleep Apnea Blood pressure Heartbeat Biomedical Non-invasive device Mid sleep death Sleep disorder
& Smita Sharma [email protected] V. M. Mishra [email protected] 1
Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
2
G B Pant Engineering College, Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand, India
1 Introduction A disorder of sleep in the form of shallow breathing or hitch in breathing, is called Sleep Apnea. Gaps in breathing can happen several times while long sleep and they can last from few seconds to sometimes minutes and they might occur many times at night during sleep (Sadek et al. 2018). As shown in Fig. 1, the Polysomnography results of a Sleep Apnea patient, indicate episodes of absence of respiratory movements of the chest or Thorax (indicated by ‘THO’), abdomen (indicated by ‘ABD’) and reduced air flow (indicated by ‘Flow’). The major signs of sleep apnea are loud snoring, choking and snorting sound as the breathing continues. This disturbs the normal sleep and affected person tends to feel tired and sleepy during the day as the night sleep is disturbed. In medical terminology, severe cases of Sleep Apnea condition result in ‘Sleep Death’ (Zhang et al. 2015), as a long enough pause in breathing can cause the amount of CO2 to accumulate in dangerous concentrations as the O2 level declines rapidly during such pauses. A prevailing period of such accumulated CO2 volumes can adversely affect the Brain and its vital operations. In America, about 42 million adults suffer from sleepdisordered breathing (SDB). Approx. 25% of adults have slight problem of sleep apnea and 7% has moderate to serious sleep apnea. It is mostly seen in middle-aged women and men. In the USA, the occurrence of this disorder is similar to asthma (20 million) and diabetes (23.6 million). Also, 75% of severe sleep-disordered breathing
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