Developmental Course and Risk Factors of Physical Aggression in Late Adolescence
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Developmental Course and Risk Factors of Physical Aggression in Late Adolescence Marit Henriksen1,4,8 · Marit Skrove3,4 · Gry Børmark Hoftun1,5 · Erik R. Sund2,6,7 · Stian Lydersen3 · Wan‑Ling Tseng8 · Denis G. Sukhodolsky8
© The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This study examined risk factors of physical aggression during transition from early to late adolescence using a two-wave longitudinal study. Specifically, we examined if risk factors in early adolescence predict physically aggressive behavior starting in late adolescence and why some adolescents desist physical aggressive behavior while others do not. The study sample consisted of 2289 Norwegian adolescents (1235 girls) who participated in the Young-HUNT1 study (mean age 14.5) and the follow-up study 4 years later, Young-HUNT2 study (mean age 18.4). One in six young adolescents reported engaging in physical fights. Moreover, physical aggression in early adolescence was significantly associated with male gender, attention problems, academic problems, being bullied, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Male gender and heavy drinking during early adolescence increased the risk for newly emerging aggressive behavior in late adolescence, whereas heavy drinking during early adolescence was a predictor for persistent versus desisting aggressive behavior in late adolescence. Keywords Physical aggression · Physical fighting · Adolescence · Risk factors · Longitudinal
Introduction
* Marit Henriksen [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
2
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
3
Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
4
Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, St. Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
5
Children’s Clinic, St Olav’s University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
6
Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
7
Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
8
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
Physical aggression in childhood and adolescence represents a major clinical and public health concern. Thus, in a population study in the United States in 2017, 23.6% of high school students (grade 9 to 12) reported participating in a physical fight in the preceding year [1]. At the global level, interpersonal violence is the fourth leading cause of death among adolescents aged 15 to 19, with a 5.5% mortality rate [2]. Physical aggression and delinquency can have long lasting negative consequences for the perpetrators and the victims. Perpetrators of physical aggression are shown to have an increased risk for later physical violence and crimes [3, 4], school
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