Diabetes and the Brain
Diabetes, particularly type 2, has become increasingly more common around the world. Consequently, the effect of diabetes on the brain has achieved enormous public health importance. A surge in pre-clinical and clinical research on topics ranging from man
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Geert Jan Biessels José A. Luchsinger
Diabetes and the Brain
Contemporary Diabetes A RISTIDIS V EVES , MD, DS C SERIES EDITOR
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D IABETES AND THE B RAIN
Edited by
Geert Jan Biessels, MD, PhD University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Jose A. Luchsinger, MD, MPH Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
Editors Geert Jan Biessels Department of Neurology Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience University Medical Center Utrecht PO Box 85500 Utrecht 3508 GA Utrecht The Netherlands [email protected]
Jose A. Luchsinger Columbia University Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital 622 West 168th St. New York, NY 10032 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60327-849-2 e-ISBN 978-1-60327-850-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60327-850-8 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009933948 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com
Preface
Diabetes, particularly type 2 or adult onset diabetes, is increasing in prevalence in the world. In the United States the prevalence of diabetes is over 12% in persons of age 60 years and older. The prevalence in Europe is 8–10% and catching up with the United States. The trend worldwide is for this prevalence to increase given the epidemic of overweight and obesity (2/3 of the adult United States population is overweight or obese). Thus, the fact that diabetes affects the brain
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