Diabetes, Insulin and Alzheimer's Disease
Neurons share more similarities with insulin-producing pancreatic islet cells than with any other cell type. The root of this similarity may lie in the islet’s evolution from an ancestral insulin-producing neuron. The islet-neuron connection becomes less
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RESEARCH AND PERSPECTIVES IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Suzanne Craft
l
Yves Christen
Editors
Diabetes, Insulin and Alzheimer’s Disease
Editors Dr. Suzanne Craft University of Washington School of Medicine Department of Neurology 1660 S. Columbian Way Seattle WA 98108 Mailstop 127 USA [email protected]
Dr. Yves Christen Fondation IPSEN pour la Recherche Therapeutique 65 quai George Gorse 92650 Boulogne Billancourt Cedex France [email protected]
ISSN 0945-6066 ISBN 978-3-642-04299-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-04300-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-04300-0 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941527 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Forword
The importance of insulin in the regulation of corporal aging has been established by the dramatic increases in longevity experienced by animals in which the adipose insulin receptor or the insulin-related daf genes have been genetically modified. However, a long-held belief, described as recently as ten years ago in endocrinology textbooks, declared that the brain was an insulin-insensitive organ. This pervasive belief was challenged by leaders like Jesse Roth, Daniel Porte, and others, who established the existence of insulin receptors in the central nervous system and a clear role for insulin in CNS control of feeding. New research demonstrates that, analogous to its influence on corporal aging, insulin also makes important contributions to brain aging and the expression of late-life neurodegenerative disease. Insulin plays a key role in cognition and other aspects of normal brain function. Insulin resistance induces chronic peripheral insulin elevations and is associated with reduced insulin activity both in periphery and brain. The insulin resistance syndrome underlies conditions such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, which are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. This volume contains the proceedings of the 24th Colloque Me´deci
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