Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery

This book presents a comprehensive, state-of the-art guide and review of ultrasound applications for children and infants with surgical problems. It is meant as a single source to provide information about sonographic application, interpretation and techn

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Stefan Scholz • Marcus D. Jarboe Editors

Diagnostic and Interventional Ultrasound in Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery

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Editors Stefan Scholz Division of Pediatric General & Thoracic Surgery Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA USA

Marcus D. Jarboe Division of Pediatric Surgery C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI USA

ISBN 978-3-319-21698-0    ISBN 978-3-319-21699-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-21699-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015947257 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

Ultrasound (US) has become the radiographic diagnostic method of choice to aid in the diagnosis of medical problems in children, one of the most profound changes in pediatric practice in the past few decades. This is especially true in the realm of pediatric surgical diseases. Radiation exposure is a recognized problem and a significant concern in the medical community and with the public at large. Many recent studies have highlighted the dangers of radiation exposure in regards to malignancy, especially in children and young adults. Concern among parents has grown to ensure that radiation needed for diagnostic requirements in children is kept at a minimal level. This concern has been the impetus for change in the world of pediatric imaging, the foremost of which has been increased use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). There has been evidence suggesting negative implications of anesthesia on the developing brain. US rarely requires sedation or anesthesia as opposed to other radiation-free techniques such as the MRI. Sonography is a child-friendly nonintimidating imaging technique thriving on the absence of fat