Dielectric behaviors and electrical properties of Gd-doped Aurivillius KBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 ceramics
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Dielectric behaviors and electrical properties of Gd‑doped Aurivillius KBi4Ti4O15 ceramics Fida Rehman1,2 · Jing‑Bo Li1 · Yasir Saeed2 · Pervaiz Ahmad3 Received: 13 February 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Gd-doped Aurivillius KBi4Ti4O15 ceramics were prepared via conventional solid-state method for the first time. Dielectric behaviors and electrical properties were probed via dielectric and impedance spectroscopies. A single relaxation behavior due to bulk contribution was observed in the Gd0.5K0.5Bi4Ti4O15 ceramics. Phase transition was noted at ~ 560 °C. Kinetic analysis was carried out to probe conductivity and dielectric relaxation in the GKBT ceramics. The study elucidated the contributions of defect-conduction-relaxation behaviors. These types of Aurivillius compounds have fascinating industrial applications in piezoelectric devices at high temperatures and frequencies and in dielectric capacitors. It is essential to understand the electrical behaviors for modification process in future to enhance the performance properties of electronic ceramics.
1 Introduction Aurivillius materials possess a unique crystal structure with wide range of compositional flexibility. These compounds are generally represented as, (Bi 2 O 2 ) 2+ ( A L-1B LO 3L+1) 2− where L is the number of layers. The perovskite-type layers (AL−1BLO3L+1)2− were stacked periodically which is separated by bismuth oxide (Bi2O2)2+ layer [1–3]. These compounds have received considerable attention and are extensively investigated for its scientific importance due to their wide application in high-temperature piezoelectric devices, sensors, spintronics, and data storage devices [4–9]. Due to their compositional flexibility, a large number of novel compounds have been synthesized via substituting the cations at A-site and B-site of Perovskite-type block which gives interesting physical properties [10–15]. Among different layers of Aurivillius compound, the series * Fida Rehman [email protected] 1
Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology, Havelian, KP, Pakistan
3
Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, Pakistan
of four-layer Aurivillius compound F0.5S0.5Bi4Ti4O15 (F = K, Na, Li; and S = Bi, La, Nd etc.) has been widely investigated due to its high Curie temperature ( TC), lead-free nature, and excellent piezoelectric properties [11, 12, 14–19]. Though their functional properties have been greatly improved, their electrical properties are still limited. Recently, K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15 (KBT) compound has been studied to possess large remnant polarization and a small coercive field [20, 21]. The influential physical and chemic
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