Dielectric studies of polycrystalline bismuth titanate Bi 12 TiO 20 ceramic synthesized via economical chemical route
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Dielectric studies of polycrystalline bismuth titanate Bi12TiO20 ceramic synthesized via economical chemical route M K Verma1, L Singh2, A Kumar1, V Kumar1, N B Singh3 and K D Mandal1* 1
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, U.P. 221005, India 2
Department of Chemistry, RRS College, Patliputra University, Patna 803302, India
3
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA Received: 22 May 2019 / Accepted: 04 September 2020
Abstract: Bismuth titanate nanostructure, Bi12TiO20, (BTO) belonging to sillenite family was synthesized by chemical route at the sintering temperature 800 °C for a period of 6 h. The crystalline phase of the materials was investigated by the X-ray diffraction method. The morphology and particle size of the BTO sample were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, respectively. The SEM images displayed the bimodal structure, and average grain size was found to be in the range of 0.6–3.7 lm. TEM observation confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the particle having size of 50 ± 20 nm. The value of dielectric constant and dielectric loss for Bi12TiO20 ceramic was found to be 8.29 9 103 and 3.27, respectively, at the temperature 468 K and frequency 100 Hz. Keywords: Bismuth titanate; Chemical route; Economical; Dielectric properties
1. Introduction Several mixed binary and multinary metal oxides such as TiO6, NbO6 or TaO6 octahedral units, such as SrTiO3 [1], BaTi4O9 [2], K4Nb6O17 [3], InTaO4 [4], ZnO [5] and In1-xNixTaO4 [6], have been extensively studied in the past decades not only as photocatalysts in the field of water splitting but also these metal oxides showed excellent properties for electronic, optical, piezo and memory device applications. Bismuth phosphate nanorods exhibited good photocatalytic performance for the removal of organic pollutants under UV light irradiation [7] and some other bismuth-related nanocompounds such as Ba bismuthate [8] and bismuth tellurate Bi2Te2O7 [9]. In present time, environmental blowup has become one of the most salient topics in photo-catalysis where TiO2 is the most efficient photocatalyst for the disgrace of organic pollutant. But the TiO2 is efficient only in UV radiation (k \ 360 nm) on account of size of its band gap [10, 11]. It is desired and very important to develop new photocatalysts using sunlight which embody less than 2% ultraviolet light. Sillenite
materials are of great importance because of their photorefractive, piezoelectric, electro-optic and photoconductive properties [12–14] similar to cerium titanate because it has band gap 2.65 eV [15]. The bismuth titanate family with different layered perovskite compounds, such as sillenite Bi12TiO20, pyrochlore Bi2Ti2O7 and Aurivillius-type Bi4Ti3O12, has been exciting class of novel and promising photocatalysts with useful applicatio
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