Diet-induced changes in bacterial communities in the jejunum and their associations with bile acids in Angus beef cattle
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Animal Microbiome
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Diet-induced changes in bacterial communities in the jejunum and their associations with bile acids in Angus beef cattle Jianan Liu1,2, Fang Liu3, Wentao Cai1, Cunling Jia1, Ying Bai1, Yanghua He4, Weiyun Zhu5, Robert W. Li2* and Jiuzhou Song1*
Abstract Background: The small intestine, while serving as the main absorption organ, also possesses a unique bacterial environment and holds the critical function of conversion of primary bile acids. Bile acids are, in turn, able to regulate bacterial composition and promote the growth of bacteria that convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. However, in beef cattle, few studies have explored the influence of diets on jejunal bacterial communities and examined its relationships with bile acids. Here, we examined the impact of grain- and grass-based diets on jejunal and fecal bacterial communities’ composition and investigated possible association of bacterial features with bile acids. Results: We demonstrated that the influences of diets on intestinal bacteria can be observed in young beef cattle after weaning. A significantly higher level of microbial diversity was documented in feces of grass-fed cattle comparing to grain-fed cattle. Top 20 important genera identified with random forest analysis on fecal bacterial community can be good candidates for microbial biomarkers. Moreover, the jejunal bacteria of adult Angus beef cattle exhibited significant differences in microbial composition and metabolic potential under different diets. Global balances and bacteria signatures predictive of bile acids were identified, indicative of the potential association of bacterial features with bile acids. Conclusions: The findings from this study provided novel insights into the relationships between jejunal bacteria and bile acids under different diets in Angus beef cattle. Our results should help us gain a better understanding of potential health benefits of grass-fed beef. Keywords: 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Angus beef cattle, Grass-fed beef, Jejunal bacteria, Bacterial signatures, Bile acids
* Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA 1 Department of Animal & Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in
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