Different Detector Types Used in Plasma Physics Experiment
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NEERING DESIGN OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS EQUIPMENT
Different Detector Types Used in Plasma Physics Experiment A. V. Balovnev, I. L. Manokhin, I. G. Grigoryeva, V. A. Kostyushin, A. S. Savelov, and G. Kh. Salakhutdinov* National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow, 115409 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received May 25, 2017
Abstract—We analyzed the possibility of using different detector types (semiconductor, scintillator, thermoluminescent, nuclear emulsions) for plasma diagnostics. We investigated the main characteristics of such detectors, on the basis of which an X-ray spectrometer complex was created. Keywords: X-ray radiation, plasma diagnostics, X-ray detectors, absorption filter method, X-ray spectrometers DOI: 10.1134/S1063778817110011
Different studies (spectrometric, with time resolution, spatial) of plasma of pulsed high-current electrical discharges are carried out using X-ray diagnostic devices [1]. Different investigation methods and recording detectors are applied as a function of studies of a plasma object. The reliability and accuracy of performed studies depends on the chosen type of detectors. The complexity of studies of the plasma X-ray radiation is that X-ray radiation is characterized by a high intensity (to 1016 quanta per flash) and a small duration (~10–8 s), and it has a rather complicated spectrum with the maximum in the region of 1 keV. The intensity of X-ray radiation decreases by several orders of magnitude with the increase in energy of quanta. As a result of the pulsed high-current electrical discharge, high-power electromagnetic noise arises. Under such experimental conditions, one of the most applicable methods of spectrometry of pulsed Xray radiation is the absorption filter method based on the spectral selection of the primary X-ray radiation using absorption filters of different thicknesses. In this method, one measures the attenuation curve representing the dependence of the X-ray radiation energy completely absorbed in the detector, which passed through the filter, on the thickness of this filter. As a rule, different multichannel spectrometric systems, the channels of which are constructed according to the classical scheme, absorption filter + detector, are applied for the measurement of the attenuation curve. The X-ray radiation spectra are recovered by mathematical methods from the results of the attenuation curve measured in the experiment [2]. For usage in this method, the most attractive are semiconductor detectors, scintillator detectors, ther-
moluminescent detectors, and nuclear photoemulsions. Table 1 presents detectors and their main characteristics that can be used in multichannel spectrometers for studying the pulsed X-ray radiation. Taking into account the recording features and the shape of the plasma X-ray radiation spectrum, it was established on the basis of the analysis and performed studies of properties of detectors that, for the plasma X-ray radiation spectrometry in the energy region of 1–25 keV
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