Different repetitive DNA sequences make up heterochromatin in Meliponini
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Original article
Different repetitive DNA sequences make up heterochromatin in Meliponini Jaqueline Amorim PEREIRA1 , Tânia Maria Fernandes SALOMÃO2 , Denilce Meneses LOPES1 1
Laboratório de Citogenética de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, CEP, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil 2 Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, CEP, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil Received 5 September 2019 – Revised 29 January 2020 – Accepted 30 March 2020
Abstract – Repetitive DNA sequences have been related to the maintenance of heterochromatin, evolution, and speciation, mainly due to the variations to which they are subject. Bees of the Meliponini tribe generally possess large amounts of heterochromatin that occupy the long arm of the chromosomes or even almost the entire chromosome. Although widely studied by conventional methods, little is known about the composition of these regions. Thus, this study aimed to analyze a repetitive sequence of Tetragonisca angustula and compare it with other genera in order to broaden the understanding of the evolution of these sequences. The results indicate that the isolated repeating DNA sequence of Tetragonisca angustula is present in the heterochromatin of all chromosomes of this species and in Tetragonisca fiebrigi . However, the same was not observed for the other evaluated species, which suggests that the isolated sequence is conserved within the genus Tetragonisca and that, in the other genera, the sequences that compose the heterochromatin may have undergone different processes of diversification or have arisen independently. restriction enzyme / bee stingless / chromosomal evolution / Tetragonisca angustula
1. INTRODUCTION Repetitive sequences represent large fractions of the eukaryotic genome (Bostock 1980; Charlesworth et al. 1994) and perform different functional roles, such as the assembly of kinetochores (Huang et al. 2016), maintenance of heterochromatin (Grewal and Jia 2007), and regulation of gene expression (Koo et al. 2016). Due to their high variation rates, these sequences are used in evolutionary and speciation studies (Plohl et al. 2012; Garrido-Ramos 2017). In turn, variations
Corresponding author: D. Lopes, [email protected] Manuscript editor: Yves Le Conte
that occur in the sequence can be spread throughout the genome by the homogenization process and be fixed between individuals of a species by sexual reproduction, which is known as the concerted evolution (Dover 2002). Despite the rapid evolution of these sequences, related species may share the same family of repetitive DNA (Lorite et al. 2017). Species of the Meliponini tribe have a large amount of heterochromatin and their distribution in the chromosomes may vary. In Tetragonisca angustula Latreille, 1811, for example, heterochromatin predominates in the short arm of the chromosomes, while in Plebeia phrynostoma Moure, 200
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