Differential Evolution Applied to DTC Drive for Three-Phase Induction Motors Using an Adaptive State Observer
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Differential Evolution Applied to DTC Drive for Three-Phase Induction Motors Using an Adaptive State Observer Bruno Leandro Galvão Costa1 · Bruno Augusto Angélico2 · Alessandro Goedtel1 · Marcelo Favoretto Castoldi1 · Clayton Luiz Graciola1
Received: 16 October 2014 / Revised: 2 March 2015 / Accepted: 13 April 2015 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2015
Abstract This paper describes an application of the metaheuristic differential evolution in the drive of three-phase induction motors based on direct torque control and employs a Luenberger observer to estimate the stator flux linkage and rotor speed. In this context, the differential evolution is applied to adjust the gains of the controllers involved in the direct torque control and speed observer estimation loop, as well as the observer matrix. Firstly a proportional-integral controller with anti-windup is considered in speed control loop, whose gains are adjusted empirically and optimally by DE. Furthermore, differential evolution is also considered for optimizing the Luenberger observer parameters for stator current and flux, as well as rotor speed estimation. Simulation tests are presented in order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Keywords DTC · Differential evolution · Luenberger observer · Three-phase induction motors
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Alessandro Goedtel [email protected] Bruno Leandro Galvão Costa [email protected] Bruno Augusto Angélico [email protected] Marcelo Favoretto Castoldi [email protected] Clayton Luiz Graciola [email protected]
1
Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Cornélio Procópio, Paraná, Brazil
2
University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
1 Introduction Electrically driven motor systems are widely used in industrial settings such as factories, subways, electric vehicles and wind power generation (Bose 2002; Chan and Shi 2011; Palácios et al. 2014). The motors typically chosen for these applications are three-phase induction motors (TIMs) with a squirrel cage rotor, due to their well-known advantages such as simple construction, robustness and low purchase cost (Bose 2002; Buja et al. 1997). According to some studies gathered from industrially developed nations, it is estimated that induction motors consume over 60 % of all industrial energy (Alsofyani and Idris 2013). Studies have been conducted to develop and improve the drive systems for TIMs, in an attempt to lower the cost of implementation and to obtain more robust and precise control, which can significantly assist in energy savings (Buja et al. 1997). Basically the most frequently used TIMs drives are scalar control (V / f ), the field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC) (Buja and Kazmierkowski 2004). Scalar control is more simplified in terms of implementation. It consists essentially in maintaining constant the voltage to frequency (V / f ) relationship, which also ends up making the maximum magnetic flux in the air gap constant. However, its dynamic performance is limited, especially when o
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