Differentiation and integration: off-site resettlement planning practice in New Beichuan after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake
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Differentiation and integration: off‑site resettlement planning practice in New Beichuan after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake Yisha Zhang1,2 · Yifan Yu1 · Wenjuan Xu1,3 · Jingjing Hu4 Received: 5 September 2017 / Accepted: 19 June 2019 © The Author(s) 2019
Abstract This article explores the spatial differentiation and integration between the post-disaster victims and the indigenous peasants 8 years after a rapid off-site resettlement oriented by governments in New Beichuan. Data were broadly collected from placement documents, questionnaires, interviews and site measurement by empirical research and on-site investigation in 2014. The resettlement plan was introduced and analyzed for housing resettlement, open space systems, public facilities allocation and resettlement policies. Based on statistical analysis of the questionnaire data and observation on the usage of the built environment, problems with the spatial usage and mismatches between the specific spatial requirements and subjective planning intention of integration are analyzed and preliminary findings are shown. The results showed that the excessive pursuit of speed and deficiency in economically self-sustaining efforts might contribute to insufficient attention given to spatial, social and economic aspects and leads to inevitable and long-standing problems, such as housing quality problems, neighborhoods management and security concerns, contradictions between the housing layout and local living habits, different spatial usage preferences between the indigenous peasants and post-disaster migrants, and disequilibrium of public facility allocation. Keywords Post-disaster reconstruction · Integration · Off-site resettlement · Planning practice · 5.12 Sichuan Earthquake · New Beichuan · China
1 Introduction Catastrophic natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunami, hurricanes and global climate change disrupted not only physical stock and infrastructure systems of the disaster areas, but also social and economic systems referring to the livelihoods of the afflicted people.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1106 9-019-03649-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yifan Yu [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Natural Hazards
As part of the results of social spatial system disruption, the reconstitution of communities may contribute to new problems, including residential differentiation (Kawachi and Lisa 2003) or housing segregation caused by factors such as socioeconomic status, spatial assimilation and immigration (Iceland 2009; Briggs and Wilson 2005; Momeni 1986; Murdie 2001), and lead to effects of reallocation, unequal living standards and poverty (Cutler and Glaeser 1995; Danziger and Haveman 2001; Henry 2004; Massey and Denton 1993; Sharkey 2013). This kind of disruption and interruption caused by unexpected events may extend over time and require a long time to await reco
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