Differentiation of salivary gland tumors through tumor heterogeneity: a comparison between pleomorphic adenoma and Warth
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HEAD-NECK-ENT RADIOLOGY
Differentiation of salivary gland tumors through tumor heterogeneity: a comparison between pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin tumor using CT texture analysis Yong Jun Jung 1
&
Miran Han 1
&
Eun Ju Ha 1 & Jin Wook Choi 1
Received: 26 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose We compared the diagnostic performance of CT texture analysis in single-phase CT scan with that of conventional enhancement pattern analysis in a two-phase CT scan for discrimination of salivary gland tumors, Warthin tumor (WT) from pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Methods One hundred seventy-eight patients with PA and 84 patients with WT were selected and CT texture analysis was separately performed on early (40s) and delayed (180s) phases, after injection of the contrast agent, using commercially available software. The attenuation changes and enhancement patterns were visually and quantitatively assessed with Hounsfield units (HU). Differences between PAs and WTs were analyzed using χ2 test and independent t test. Diagnostic performance of texture parameters in single-phase CT was compared with that of dynamic enhancement pattern in two-phase CT using the McNemar test. Results Ratio of tumoral HU (delayed phase/early phase) was significantly higher in PAs compared with WTs (p < 0.001). Tumor heterogeneity parameters, standard deviation (SD) and entropy, were significantly lower in WTs regardless of the type of filter used (p ≤ 0.001). Mean with coarse filter (AUC = 0.944) on early phase scan and entropy with medium filter (AUC = 0.901) on delayed scan were best discriminators between PAs and WTs. Diagnostic accuracy of mean (90.5%) on early scan and entropy (84.7%) on delayed scan was not significantly different from the accuracy (89.3%) of conventional wash-out pattern for distinguishing WTs from PAs (p = 0.742, p = 0.088, respectively). Conclusion Diagnostic performance of texture parameters was similar to that of quantitative enhancement pattern for differentiating WTs from PAs, with the advantage in lower radiation exposure. Keywords Salivary glands . Pleomorphic adenoma . Warthin tumor . Image interpretation, computer assisted . Computed tomography, X-ray
Introduction Tumors of the salivary glands account for about 3% of all neoplasms of the head and neck region; more than Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02485-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Miran Han [email protected] 1
Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, 164, World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea 16499
80% of which are benign. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and Warthin tumor (WT) are the most common salivary gland tumors, which together comprise more than 95% of benign salivary glands tumors [1, 2]. Accurate prediction of the histopathologic characteristics of the tumors along with radiologic findings is
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